Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Wind turbines do not appear to harm health, unlike fossil power plants AI翻译
  作者：Auffhammer, Maximilian
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
• RNA polymerase inhibitors reveal active-site motions essential for the nucleotide addition cycle AI翻译
  作者：Dhingra, Yukti; Landick, Robert; Campbell, Elizabeth A.; Darst, Seth A.
  作者单位：Rockefeller University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Rockefeller University
  摘要：The nucleotide addition cycle (NAC) of multisubunit DNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RNAPs) involves coordinated conformational changes in conserved active-site structural elements, including the trigger loop (TL). The TL is open (unfolded) in most RNAP structures but can close (fold) in substrate-bound (post- or pretranslocated) states of the RNAP, promoting catalysis. TL closure has been associated with closure of another conserved structural element, the Rim-Helices/F-loop (RH-FL), but the ro...
• 1D domino-like phase transformation enables material programming in 2D MoTe2 AI翻译
  作者：Liu, Xiangyang; Chen, Mingyi; Liu, Peitao; Niu, Haiyang; Sun, Yan; Chen, Xing-Qiu
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Metal Research, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Northwestern Polytechnical University
  摘要：Phase transformation is a fundamental phenomenon in nature, vital for both the scientific understanding and industrial applications of materials. The emergence of two-dimensional (2D) materials introduces new physical attributes that challenge traditional phase transformation theories due to their reduced dimensionality. In monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), phase transformation is typically described as a martensitic process characterized by concerted atomic displacements. Ne...
• Meiotic cohesin Rec8 imposes fitness costs on fission yeast gametes favoring the evolution of parental bias in gene expression AI翻译
  作者：Martins, Celso; Booth, Harry; Salat-Canela, Claudia; Hadjivasiliou, Zena; Vjestica, Aleksandar
  作者单位：University of Lausanne; Francis Crick Institute; University of London; University College London; University of London; University College London; University of London; University College London
  摘要：Differences between partner gametes, which evolved repeatedly in eukaryotes, can contribute to the evolution of the sexes, sexual selection, and non-Mendelian inheritance. Yet, the empirical evidence for how functional asymmetries arise between initially equivalent gametes is limited. Here, we combine theoretical and experimental approaches in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe to show how selective pressures acting concurrently on gametes and zygotes drive the evolution of gamete dif...
• Fatty acid regulation and phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis are important for hepatitis E virus replication AI翻译
  作者：Yadav, Kush K.; Bhandari, Menuka; Mahsoub, Hassan M.; Park, Young Bin; Le, Huong Van; Choi, Jae Mun; Brown, Hannah M.; Rajashekara, Gireesh; Kenney, Scott P.; Meng, Xiang-Jin
  作者单位：Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
  摘要：Hepatitis E virus (HEV), a leading cause of viral hepatitis globally, is associated with adverse outcomes during pregnancy. Despite its clinical significance, the mechanisms driving enhanced HEV replication during pregnancy remain poorly understood. In this study, we uncover a lipid-mediated pathway that facilitates HEV replication, with potential implications for pregnancy-associated pathogenesis. Lipidomic profiling reveals a marked upregulation of oleic acid during HEV infection in both hum...
• HDAC inhibition sensitizes pancreatic tumors to DNA damage by global redistribution of the transcriptional machinery AI翻译
  作者：Liang, Gaoyang; Nguyen, Hung V. -T.; Zhu, Jonathan; Tiriac, Herve; Zafar, Hadiqa; Cao, Daniel Y.; Estepa, Gabriela; Nelson, Dylan C.; Dai, Yang; Oh, Tae Gyu; Liddle, Christopher; Yu, Ruth T.; Hunter, Tony; Engle, Dannielle; Shaw, Reuben; Lowy, Andrew M.; Fan, Weiwei; Truitt, Morgan L.; Atkins, Annette R.; Johnson, Jeremiah A.; Downes, Michael; Evans, Ronald M.
  作者单位：Salk Institute; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Sydney; Westmead Institute for Medical Research; University of Sydney; Salk Institute
  摘要：The DNA damage response (DDR) is critical for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) development and therapeutic responses, including to genotoxic agents. While epigenetic modulators have been shown to contribute to the DDR, how chromatin regulation dictates responses to DNA damage in PDAC remains incompletely understood. Here, we identify Class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) as critical regulators of the DDR. HDAC1/2 direct the genomic distribution of H3K27ac, ensuring sufficient BRD4 and RN...
• Record-high Glass coefficient in the shift current response of a ferroelectric halide perovskite AI翻译
  作者：Miki, Koma; Nakamura, Masao; Yamada, Asahi; Bosser, Gurvan; Adachi, Kiyohiro; Hashizume, Daisuke; Ogawa, Naoki; Okamoto, Satoshi; Tokura, Yoshinori; Kawasaki, Masashi
  作者单位：University of Tokyo; University of Tokyo; University of Tokyo; RIKEN; RIKEN; Tohoku University; Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd; University of Tokyo
  摘要：Ferroelectric halide perovskites provide a fertile platform for optoelectronic functions based on the bulk photovoltaic effect, where broken inversion symmetry couples with quantum geometry of wave functions. The most prominent manifestation is the shift current, second-order nonlinear photocurrent arising from change in the Berry connection during optical transitions. Here we report a gigantic shift current response in epitaxial thin films of a lead-free ferroelectric halide perovskite CsGeI3...
• Enhanced rock weathering has greater promise as a sustainable farming practice than a CO2 removal technology AI翻译
  作者：Power, Ian M.; Spence, Jonathan; Guo, Minger; Wilson, Sasha; Watmough, Shaun
  作者单位：Trent University; University of Alberta
• From molecular motors to chromosome architecture AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Bin
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
• Identification of a master regulator Msd1 that governs meiotic entry in a global basidiomycete pathogen AI翻译
  作者：Zheng, Fanglin; Cao, Yanli; Chen, Huiting; Yan, Lili; Lv, Feng; Huang, Yuan; Chen, Man; Su, Lin; Liu, Zhuozhuo; Huang, Ye; Pham, Tuyetnhu; Xu, Xinping; Lin, Xiaorong
  作者单位：Nanchang University; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; Nanchang University; Nanchang University; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
  摘要：Meiosis is a hallmark of sexual reproduction. Although the core meiotic machinery is evolutionarily conserved from unicellular yeasts to Metazoan, the key regulators responsible for initiating meiosis vary across species and remain largely unidentified in major eukaryotic lineages, including the major phylum Basidiomycota in the Kingdom Fungi. The basidiomycete fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is a critical pathogen listed by the World Health Organization that causes life-threatening meningoence...