作者：Lovinger, Gabriel J.; Sak, Marcus H.; Jacobsen, Eric N.
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (S(N)2) mechanisms occupy a central place in the historical development and teaching of the field of organic chemistry(1). Despite the importance of S(N)2 pathways in synthesis, catalytic control of ionic S(N)2 pathways is rare and notably uncommon even in biocatalysis(2,3), reflecting the fact that any electrostatic interaction between a catalyst and the reacting ion pair necessarily stabilizes its charge and, by extension, reduces polar reactivity. Nucle...
作者：Overbey, Eliah G.; Kim, JangKeun; Tierney, Braden T.; Park, Jiwoon; Houerbi, Nadia; Lucaci, Alexander G.; Medina, Sebastian Garcia; Damle, Namita; Najjar, Deena; Grigorev, Kirill; Afshin, Evan E.; Ryon, Krista A.; Sienkiewicz, Karolina; Patras, Laura; Klotz, Remi; Ortiz, Veronica; MacKay, Matthew; Schweickart, Annalise; Chin, Christopher R.; Sierra, Maria A.; Valenzuela, Matias F.; Dantas, Ezequiel; Nelson, Theodore M.; Cekanaviciute, Egle; Deards, Gabriel; Foox, Jonathan; Narayanan, S. Anand; Schmidt, Caleb M.; Schmidt, Michael A.; Schmidt, Julian C.; Mullane, Sean; Tigchelaar, Seth Stravers; Levitte, Steven; Westover, Craig; Bhattacharya, Chandrima; Lucotti, Serena; Hirschberg, Jeremy Wain; Proszynski, Jacqueline; Burke, Marissa; Kleinman, Ashley S.; Butler, Daniel J.; Loy, Conor; Mzava, Omary; Lenz, Joan; Paul, Doru; Mozsary, Christopher; Sanders, Lauren M.; Taylor, Lynn E.; Patel, Chintan O.; Khan, Sharib A.; Mohamad, Mir Suhail; Byhaqui, Syed Gufran Ahmad; Aslam, Burhan; Gajadhar, Aaron S.; Williamson, Lucy; Tandel, Purvi; Yang, Qiu; Chu, Jessica; Benz, Ryan W.; Siddiqui, Asim; Hornburg, Daniel; Blease, Kelly; Moreno, Juan; Boddicker, Andrew; Zhao, Junhua; Lajoie, Bryan; Scott, Ryan T.; Gilbert, Rachel R.; Polo, San-huei Lai; Altomare, Andrew; Kruglyak, Semyon; Levy, Shawn; Ariyapala, Ishara; Beer, Joanne; Zhang, Bingqing; Hudson, Briana M.; Rininger, Aric; Church, Sarah E.; Beheshti, Afshin; Church, George M.; Smith, Scott M.; Crucian, Brian E.; Zwart, Sara R.; Matei, Irina; Lyden, David C.; Garrett-Bakelman, Francine; Krumsiek, Jan; Chen, Qiuying; Miller, Dawson; Shuga, Joe; Williams, Stephen; Nemec, Corey; Trudel, Guy; Pelchat, Martin; Laneuville, Odette; De Vlaminck, Iwijn; Gross, Steven; Bolton, Kelly L.; Bailey, Susan M.; Granstein, Richard; Furman, David; Melnick, Ari M.; Costes, Sylvain V.; Shirah, Bader; Yu, Min; Menon, Anil S.; Mateus, Jaime; Meydan, Cem; Mason, Christopher E.
作者单位：Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Yeshiva University; Montefiore Medical Center; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Babes Bolyai University from Cluj; University of Southern California; Buck Institute for Research on Aging; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital; Columbia University; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Ames Research Center; State University System of Florida; Florida State University; Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins; SpaceX; Stanford University; Houston Methodist; Cornell University; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Ames Research Center; NanoString Technologies; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Ames Research Center; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Johnson Space Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston; University of Virginia; University of Virginia; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; University of Ottawa; University of Ottawa; University of Ottawa; Washington University (WUSTL); Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Stanford University; Austral University; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine
摘要：Spaceflight induces molecular, cellular and physiological shifts in astronauts and poses myriad biomedical challenges to the human body, which are becoming increasingly relevant as more humans venture into space(1-6). Yet current frameworks for aerospace medicine are nascent and lag far behind advancements in precision medicine on Earth, underscoring the need for rapid development of space medicine databases, tools and protocols. Here we present the Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA), an int...
作者：Zalasiewicz, Jan; Thomas, Julia Adeney; Waters, Colin N.; Turner, Simon; Head, Martin J.
作者单位：University of Leicester; University of Notre Dame; University of Leicester; University of London; University College London; Brock University
摘要：Even though geologists have rejected the designation of an Anthropocene epoch, the idea of a major planetary transition in the mid-twentieth century remains useful across physical and social sciences, the humanities and policy.
