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作者：Arcidiacono, Amanda; Bondanza, Mattia; Cupellini, Lorenzo; Mennucci, Benedetta
作者单位：University of Pisa
摘要：The orange carotenoid protein (OCP) is a key photoreceptor in the photoprotection of cyanobacterial antenna complexes. Its peculiar activity is governed by a bound keto-carotenoid that functions both as a light sensor and an energy quencher. Upon blue light absorption, OCP transitions from an orange resting state (OCPO) to a red active state (OCPR) through carotenoid translocation into the N-terminal domain, followed by domain separation. Despite extensive studies, the molecular mechanism unde...
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作者：Duan, Ying; Tsai, Pei - Jung; Ma, Zilu; Fredriksson, Ida; Wang, Danni; Lu, Hanbing; Shaham, Yavin; Yang, Yihong
作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); Linkoping University; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
摘要：A high risk of relapse triggered by craving during abstinence remains a main challenge in opioid addiction treatment. Multiple brain regions have been implicated in opioid craving, but the brain-wide neural mechanisms underlying this process remain poorly understood. Using resting-state fMRI and connectome-based predictive modeling, we identified a whole-brain connectome that predicted the time-dependent increases (incubation) in oxycodone craving in individual rats after voluntary abstinence ...
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作者：Goodall, Jake; Pettersson, Mats E.; Andersson, Anastasia; Dahlin, Iris; Ryman, Nils; Stahl, Gunnar; Andersson, Leif; Wennerstrom, Lovisa; Laikre, Linda
作者单位：Uppsala University; Uppsala University; SciLifeLab; Stockholm University; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
摘要：How species time reproduction and adapt to environmental conditions are key topics in ecology and evolutionary biology. Here, we conducted a high-resolution population genetic analysis of Baltic herring, a subspecies of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus). Genotypes at >4,500 SNPs were generated from >4,500 spawning individuals, sampled from 150 locations spanning Swedish's eastern coast. Abiotic factors-week of spawning, latitude, temperature, salinity-were used to assess how genetic variation...
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作者：Engelgau, Philip; Beaudry, Randolph M.
作者单位：Michigan State University
摘要：The distinctive aroma of banana fruit (Musa spp.) results from the upregulation of a pathway that is, paradoxically, understood to be feedback limited. The primary character impact compounds in banana are branched-chain esters with 3-methylbutyl moieties. Recent work has established that these esters, as well as prominent fruity 2-methylpropyl and butyl esters, are derived from the ripening-dependent de novo synthesis of the branched-chain amino acids valine and leucine, and their respective a...
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作者：Espinoza, Baltazar; Venkatramanan, Srinivasan; Warren, Andrew Scott; Lewis, Bryan Leroy; Poor, H. Vincent; Levin, Simon A.; Marathe, Madhav, V
作者单位：University of Virginia; Princeton University; Princeton University; University of Virginia
摘要：Pandemics often involve complex transmission dynamics in which epidemiological surveillance is essential but not sufficient for containment, as resurgence may be driven by emerging or imported variants. Rapidly evolving pathogens produce complex disease dynamics driven by emerging variants often differing in their transmissibility, immune escape, and cross-infection. These processes influence individuals' immune life histories, producing highly dynamic immune landscapes that modulate the emerg...
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作者：Fischer, Charlotte M.; Edu, Irina A.; Sneideris, Tomas; Baronaite, Ieva; Toprakcioglu, Zenon; Deck, Leif-Thore; Qian, Daoyuan; Scrutton, Rob; Dreyer, Lasse; Wen, Jitao; Otzen, Daniel E.; Wu, Si; Perrett, Sarah; Knowles, Tuomas P. J.
作者单位：University of Cambridge; Aarhus University; Aarhus University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Nanjing Institute of Geology & Paleontology, CAS; Institute of Biophysics, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
摘要：Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed from the protein tau disrupt neuronal function in Alzheimer's disease and are strongly associated with cognitive decline. Early events in tau aggregation are increasingly linked to the formation of biomolecular condensates, which lower the energetic barriers to pathological aggregation by acting as intermediates that transition into insoluble assemblies, a mechanism also implicated in other neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ...
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作者：Piaggi, Pablo M.
作者单位：Basque Foundation for Science
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作者：Prasankumar, Rohit P.; Julian, Matthew; Hutcheon, Michael; Heil, Christoph; Deng, Liangzi; Basov, Dmitri; Chu, Ching-Wu; Comin, Riccardo; Kim, Philip; Meredig, Bryce; Pickard, Chris; Pickett, Warren E.; Strobel, Timothy; Wolf, Stuart; Zurek, Eva; Myhrvold, Nathan
作者单位：Intellectual Ventures; Graz University of Technology; University of Houston System; University of Houston; Columbia University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University; University of Cambridge; University of California System; University of California Davis; Carnegie Institution for Science; State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Buffalo, SUNY
摘要：Room-temperature superconductivity is arguably the greatest challenge in condensed matter physics, with significant practical and commercial implications if it can be solved. There are no physical laws preventing this from occurring; indeed, superconductivity has been observed in so many different materials under so many different conditions that it is almost a generic property of nonmagnetic metals. This guides our viewpoint that high-temperature superconductivity is possible, if difficult to...
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作者：Ferguson, G. M.; Xiao, Run; Richardella, Anthony R.; Kaczmarek, Austin; Samarth, Nitin; Nowack, Katja C.
作者单位：Cornell University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Cornell University; Max Planck Society
摘要：The creation of topologically nontrivial matter across electronic, mechanical, cold-atom, and photonic platforms is advancing rapidly, yet understanding the breakdown of topological protection remains a major challenge. In this work, we use magnetic imaging combined with global electrical transport measurements to visualize the current-induced breakdown of the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) in a magnetically doped topological insulator. We find that dissipation emerges at localized hot s...
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作者：Bayer, Hugo; Binette, Annalise N.; Sweck, Samantha O.; Juliano, Vitor A. L.; Plas, Samantha L.; Ferst, Lara M.; Hassell Jr, James E.; Mourao, Flavio A. G.; Maren, Stephen
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Universidade de Sao Paulo; Institute Biomed Science, University Sao Paulo
摘要：Stress undermines extinction learning and hinders exposure-based clinical therapies for a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. In both animals and humans, dysfunction in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) contributes to stress-impaired extinction, but the neural circuit by which stress modulates vmPFC function is not known. We hypothesize that locus coeruleus (LC) norepinephrine undermines extinction learning by recruiting projections from the basolateral amygdala (BLA) to vmPFC. Usi...
