22期

最新文章

• Conscious and nonconscious thought: Insights from the neuroscience of decision-making AI翻译
  作者：Shadlen, Michael N.
  作者单位：Columbia University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Columbia University
  摘要：Conscious thought is often treated as a special class of neural processing, distinct from the nonconscious computations that guide most behavior. Here I offer a different perspective, grounded in the neuroscience of decision-making. I argue that conscious thought arises not from a unique mechanism but from a distinctive use of neural representations already engaged in nonconscious thought. Nonconscious thoughts are structured as interrogations that yield provisional intentions-decision-like co...
• AI assists adversarial collaboration in debate on minority salience AI翻译
  作者：Mellers, Barbara; Yuan, Leo; Zhou, Yubo; Mauboussin, Isabelle; Lao, Eyana C.; Corio, Bea; Satopaa, Ville; Ungar, Lyle; Bhatia, Sudeep; Clark, Cory J.; Kardosh, Rasha; Hassin, Ran; Sklar, Asael; Gayet, Surya; Paffen, Chris; Van der Stigchel, Stefan; Sahakian, Andre; Tetlock, Philip
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; INSEAD Business School; University of Pennsylvania; State University System of Florida; New College Florida; New York University; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Reichman University; Utrecht University; University of Pennsylvania
  摘要：The advancement of science depends on rigorous tests of competing hypotheses, yet many disputes are left unresolved. Adversarial collaboration-where opposing scientists jointly design decisive tests-is one proposed solution. We examine whether large language models (LLMs) can play a role by organizing information, structuring the debate and generating candidate experimental designs. This article reports an AI-assisted adversarial collaboration designed to resolve a debate in PNAS on minority s...
• Uncovering ParB-dependent and -independent subclasses of T-dioxygenases from bacteriophage AI翻译
  作者：O'Toole, Katherine H.; Perkins, Lydia J.; Bouchet, Auriane; DeSanctis, Mia L.; Lund, Sean R.; Mulholland, Andrew J.; El Hariri, Yahya; Belkadi, Sabaa; Bell, Harold W.; Hough, David M.; Saleh, Lana
  作者单位：New England Biolabs
  摘要：5-Methylpyrimidine dioxygenases (5mYOXs) are iron (II)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent enzymes that catalyze the postreplicative oxidation of DNA 5-methylpyrimidines. Here, we define two subclasses of phage thymine (T) 5mYOXs: a stand-alone enzyme and a second requiring an activator. Using bioinformatic tools, we show that the activator is homologous to the bacterial chromosomal segregation (CS) protein ParB, retaining the N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain (NBD), responsible for CTP binding and hy...
• In situ evidence of self-accelerating turbidity currents AI翻译
  作者：Ma, Hongbo; Deng, Gefei; Chen, Xingyu; Wang, Yuanjian; McElroy, Brandon; Nittrouer, Jeffrey; Zhang, Yu; Iwasaki, Toshiki; Cartigny, Matthieu; Fu, Xudong
  作者单位：Tsinghua University; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research; University of Wyoming; Texas Tech University System; Texas Tech University; Hokkaido University; Durham University
  摘要：Self-accelerating turbidity currents (SATCs) are hypothesized to be the primary mechanism for transporting vast amounts of sediment to the deep ocean. However, theoretical predictions of SATCs have preceded field observations by decades, leaving a critical gap in our understanding of this long-distance delivery process. Here, we present results from a four-year field survey of turbidity currents and bathymetric evolution in the Xiaolangdi Reservoir on the Yellow River (China), the world's most...
• Genome-wide association mapping and targeted loss of function studies identify Shroom3 as a driver of hyperpolyploidy and ventricular dilation AI翻译
  作者：Purdy, Alexandra L.; Nik, Amirala Bakhshian; Arkatkar, Anooj A.; Hasan, Prottoy; Flinn, Michael A.; Choudhury, Priyanka; Wood, Cheyret; Takizawa, Akiko; Malloy, Lynn; Tutaj, Monika; Drysdale, Thomas A.; Bridgewater, Darren; Link, Brian A.; Plageman Jr, Timothy F.; Kwitek, Anne E.; Dwinell, Melinda R.; Saba, Laura M.; O'Meara, Caitlin C.; Patterson, Michaela
  作者单位：Medical College of Wisconsin; Medical College of Wisconsin; Medical College of Wisconsin; Colorado School of Public Health; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Anschutz; Western University (University of Western Ontario); Western University (University of Western Ontario); McMaster University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Anschutz
  摘要：Various states of cardiomyocyte (CM) polyploidy have been associated with cardiac injury responses, including regeneration and heart failure. However, our understanding of the comprehensive mechanisms governing CM ploidy and its relationship with heart physiology is limited. To address this issue and uncover genetic regulators, we surveyed CM ploidy across a new genetic resource known as the Hybrid Rat Diversity Panel (HRDP) and found significant variation in ploidy phenotypes across the panel...
• Oxidative stress and serum deprivation influence the evolution of newly formed tetraploid cells during tumorigenesis AI翻译
  作者：Sweet, Megan L.; Bloomfield, Mathew; Keen, Nicholas; Bano, Nazia; Pan, Xiang; Baudoin, Nicolaas C.; Udayasuryan, Barath; Ahmad, Raffae N.; Riddervold, Eva; Klaiber, Erica; Verbridge, Scott S.; Schmelz, Eva M.; Chen, Jing; Cimini, Daniela
  作者单位：Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University
  摘要：We recently found that newly formed tetraploid (4N) cells in culture quickly lose extra centrosomes after whole genome doubling (WGD). This is inconsistent with the high incidence of centrosome number abnormalities in human cancers and with the observation that 4N cells from mouse tumors carry extra centrosomes, suggesting that centrosome numbers could be affected by certain conditions in the tumor microenvironment (TME). To determine the effect of the TME on the evolution of newly formed 4N c...
• What leads to administrative bloat? A dynamic model of administrative cost and waste AI翻译
  作者：Yang, Vicky Chuqiao; Grenier, Levi
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
  摘要：The functioning of complex systems depends on the coordination of diverse components, often supported by regulatory structures that incur costs. In human organizations, such costs manifest as administrative burden, which has been rising despite often reducing efficiency. Classic explanations point to bureaucrat self-interest or regulation, yet they do not explain variation across organizations or clarify how this burden can be reduced. Here, we develop a dynamical model of administrative growt...
• Symmetry-breaking thermomagnetic dynamics of ferrofluid: Oscillation, spontaneous rotation, and flow bistability under laser irradiation AI翻译
  作者：Qin, Chengzhen; Lin, Feng; Wang, Chong; Dong, Suchuan; Wang, Zhiming; Bao, Jiming
  作者单位：Yunnan University; University of Houston System; University of Houston; University of Houston System; University of Houston; University of Houston System; University of Houston; Purdue University System; Purdue University; Tianfu Jiangxi Laboratory
  摘要：Fluidic oscillation and flow bistability-classical signatures of nonlinear fluid dynamics-typically occur at high Reynolds numbers, whereas the Rosensweig instability, manifested as spike formation on a ferrofluid surface under a magnetic field, reflects a static nonlinear phenomenon. Here, we report oscillation and bistable rotation of ferrofluid spikes under continuous-wave laser excitation. Enabled by Marangoni instability, local laser heating causes a single spike to vanish or to oscillate...
• Arctic ecosystems shaped mammalian dispersal and diversification before the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction AI翻译
  作者：Shelley, Sarah L.; Eberle, Jaelyn J.; Erickson, Gregory M.; Druckenmiller, Patrick S.
  作者单位：University of Lincoln; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; State University System of Florida; Florida State University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks
  摘要：High-latitude terrestrial ecosystems are commonly viewed as marginal environments to deep-time evolutionary innovation, yet their role in shaping biotic dispersal, diversification, and survivorship remains poorly understood. The Upper Cretaceous Prince Creek Formation of northern Alaska (paleolatitude similar to 80-85 degrees N) yields the most northerly known Mesozoic mammals and provides a rare opportunity to examine the ecological and biogeographic roles of polar terrestrial ecosystems. Her...
• Accessibility-equality dynamics in urban blue and green spaces reshape human well-being AI翻译
  作者：Xue, Bin; Zhang, Jianing; Liu, Bingsheng; Alberti, Marina; Fan, Yufeng; Zhao, Dong; Grimm, Nancy B.
  作者单位：Chongqing University; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Hebei University of Technology; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Michigan State University
  摘要：As urbanization accelerates, urban blue and green spaces are increasingly recognized as critical nature-based solutions for enhancing human well-being, delivering climate, environmental, and psychological benefits. Yet, the mechanisms by which access to these natural spaces and the equality of access by urbanites in diverse residential locations shape well-being remain poorly understood in the context of sustainable urban governance. Here, we systematically evaluated the spatiotemporal dynamic...