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作者：Ning, An; Mao, Lizhuo; Zhao, Bin; Zu, Haotian; Shen, Jiewen; Zhao, Yonggui; Li, Jing; Deng, Xiucong; Liu, Ling; Zhang, Haijie; Francisco, Joseph S.; Wang, Shuxiao; Zhang, Xiuhui
作者单位：Beijing Institute of Technology; Tsinghua University; University of Zurich; Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：New particle formation (NPF) in the marine upper troposphere sustains one of the largest global aerosol reservoirs that seeds cloud condensation nuclei in the lower troposphere, with far-reaching implications for Earth's radiative balance and climate. However, the underlying NPF mechanisms remain elusive, constituting a major uncertainty in climate projections. Here, we show that methanesulfonic acid (MSA), long considered only as a key boundary-layer precursor, dominates upper-tropospheric NP...
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作者：Shen, Minqi; Mitchell, Lillie G.; Boer, Lydia W.; Bischoff, Lydia M.; Losick, Vicki P.
作者单位：Boston College
摘要：Cell cycle-dependent and independent mechanisms lead to the generation of mononucleated and multinucleated polyploid cells. The more than doubling of a cell's nuclear genome by endoreplication has been found to be an adaptation to genotoxic stress, enabling cell survival despite DNA damage. However, it remains unknown whether cells that increase ploidy via multinucleation also arise in response to genotoxic stress. Here, we use ultraviolet light A (UV-A) to induce permanent DNA damage in cells...
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作者：Xue, Ruihao; Kang, Lezi; Chen, Yonggang; Yang, Haoxiang; Jiang, Hongyuan; Gong, Ze
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Nanjing Institute of Geology & Paleontology, CAS; Institute of Mechanics, CAS
摘要：Cells use lamellipodia, thin actin-rich membrane protrusions, to probe the mechanical properties of their microenvironment. During mechanosensing, lamellipodia often exhibit dynamic instability in the form of protrusion-retraction cycles. However, how this mechanical instability arises during mechanotransduction remains poorly understood. Here, we develop a minimal mechanochemical model for lamellipodial dynamics that integrates membrane deformation, myosin contractility, and binding kinetics ...
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作者：Brandt, Alexander; Lavanchy, Guillaume; Merel, Vincent; Soldini, Luca; Massy, Morgane; Dumas, Zoe; Gaudichau, Emelyne; Labedan, Marjorie; Pasquier Genoud, Falon; Bastardot, Marc; Schwander, Tanja
作者单位：University of Lausanne; University of Rostock; Lund University
摘要：Many organisms reproduce through noncanonical modes such as parthenogenesis or hybridogenesis (clonal transmission of one parent's chromosomes), but whether these arise abruptly or stepwise from each other remains unclear. We address this in the stick-insect genus Bacillus, which harbors several hybrid lineages with diverse reproductive modes. From haplotype-resolved phylogenies of >500 wild-caught individuals, we infer a single, recent (similar to 8,000 y) origin of all hybrids. The ancestral...
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作者：Shang, Man; Zhao, Xujie; Zhang, Yibi; Zhang, Chang; Yang, Xiaohui; Wen, Ya; Zhu, Xiaofeng; Chen, Yiwen; Gu, Yinmin; Pan, Yongbo; Jiang, Siyuan; Tan, Shuguang; Jia, Xuemei; Ji, Chenbo; Gao, Shan
作者单位：Nanjing Medical University; Southeast University - China; Guizhou University; Zhejiang University; Nanjing Medical University; Southeast University - China
摘要：Lysine lactylation regulates protein fate and function across diverse biological processes. While PD-L1 has been widely studied posttranslationally, the role of its lactylation and the responsible enzyme have remained poorly studied. Here, we identify histone acetyltransferase 1 (HAT1) as a lactyltransferase that catalyzes programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) lactylation at residues K75 and K178 within its extracellular domain, thereby enhancing PD-L1 stability. Mechanistically, this glycosy...
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作者：Shi, Wei; Li, Chao; Mills, Benjamin J. W.; Brown, Michael; Johnson, Tim E.; Algeo, Thomas J.; Hou, Mingcai; Wang, Chunlian; Zhao, Mingyu; Poulton, Simon W.
作者单位：Chengdu University of Technology; Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China; Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology; University of Leeds; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Curtin University; China University of Geosciences; University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati; China Geological Survey; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Nanjing Institute of Geology & Paleontology, CAS; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS
摘要：On Earth, atmospheric oxygen is inferred to have risen over three major intervals before reaching modern levels, with each interval having a profound impact on the evolution of the biosphere. However, the principal driver behind these stepwise increases remains elusive. Here, we compile metamorphic thermobaric ratios (T/P) through time and use them as a first-order, probabilistic proxy for the likelihood of cold subduction (i.e., with T/P < 375 degrees C GPa(-1)) during secular cooling of Eart...
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作者：Kauai, Felipe; van de Peer, Yves; Bonte, Dries
作者单位：Ghent University; Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB); Ghent University; University of Pretoria; Nanjing Agricultural University
摘要：Polyploidy, the presence of more than two sets of chromosomes, has evolved many times across the tree of life, yet we still do not know why some polyploid lineages persist while most go extinct. The establishment of polyploid populations is often reported to be associated with harsh environmental conditions, and stress tolerance in particular, which has led to the widespread view that polyploidy-specific niche requirements are key to their persistence at ecological and evolutionary timescales....
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作者：Oza, Anand U.; Kanso, Eva; Shelley, Michael J.
作者单位：New Jersey Institute of Technology; University of Southern California; University of Southern California; Simons Foundation; Flatiron Institute
摘要：The complex formations exhibited by schooling fish have long been the object of fascination for biologists and physicists. However, the physical and sensory mechanisms leading to organized collective behavior remain elusive. On the physical side in particular, it is unknown how the flows generated by individual fish influence the collective patterns that emerge in large schools. To address this question, we here present a continuum theory for a school of swimmers in an inline formation. The sw...
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作者：Guo, Yuchen; Jackson, Matthew O.; Jia, Ruixue
作者单位：Chinese University of Hong Kong; Stanford University; The Santa Fe Institute; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Do social networks and peer influence shape major life decisions in polarized settings? We explore this question by examining how peers influenced the allegiances of West Point cadets during the American Civil War. Leveraging quasi-random variations in the proportion of cadets from Free States, we analyze how cadets' decisions about which army to join depended on the composition of their peers. We have three main findings. First, there was a strong and significant peer effect: a higher proport...
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作者：Hanaoka, Kazuki; Matsunaga, Kuya; Shimizu, Souichirou; Sakai, Soshi; Pichler, Harald; Funato, Kouichi
作者单位：Hiroshima University; Hiroshima University; Graz University of Technology; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology
摘要：The identification of SRD5A3, a causative gene for congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs), together with its yeast ortholog DFG10, established the prevailing model that dolichol is synthesized from polyprenol in a single step. Subsequently, a recent discovery of DHRSX in CDG patients revised this view and led to the proposal of a three-step detour pathway for dolichol biosynthesis. However, it remains unclear whether this pathway represents a conserved mechanism or reflects evolutionary ...
