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作者：Li, Long-Hai; Su, Shiwei; Zheng, Xian; Zhang, Lumin
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS
摘要：Given the prevalence of nitrogen heterocycles in pharmaceuticals, divergent skeletal editing techniques that enable rapid access to a diverse library of azacycles from a single substrate are highly desirable. Herein, we report a skeletal editing approach that converts abundant saturated primary amines into N-heterocycles, with exceptional functional-group compatibility, broad skeletal diversity, superior regioselectivity, and diastereospecificity (both >20:1). By harnessing the reactivity of h...
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作者：Liu, Liyuan; Rochereau, Charlotte; Kozlov, Simon; Urtecho, Guillaume; Liu, Xiaonan; Zhao, Jiahui; Wang, Jasmine; Huang, Yiming; Qu, Yiming; Zhang, Zetian; Blazejewski, Tomasz; Swartz, Avi; Ovchinnikov, Sergey; Wang, Harris H.
作者单位：Columbia University; Columbia University; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University; Columbia University; Harvard University; Columbia University
摘要：Because all known living organisms are made from at least 20 canonical amino acids, the feasibility of life using a more simplified alphabet remains unclear. In this work, we leveraged computational design and synthetic biology to explore building a cell from a 19-amino acid alphabet. Initial analyses suggested that isoleucine (Ile) may be dispensable, which we confirmed by directly replacing Ile residues in essential proteins in Escherichia coli. Critically, protein language models and struct...
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作者：Xie, Fei; Jiang, Chuanqi; Li, Zhipeng; Feng, Jinmei; Yan, Xiaoting; Hu, Che; He, Jinying; Chai, Xiaocui; Huang, Zan; Xu, Qinhui; Wang, Yujia; Xiao, Yang; Chen, Kai; Qin, Weiwei; Xiao, Yuan; Zhang, Jing; Wang, Guangying; Jin, Wei; Guo, Kaizhen; Lin, Limei; Liu, Yiqun; Gao, Xinxin; Zheng, Luqin; Shu, Xiji; Wang, Rong; Wang, Min; Si, Huazhe; Du, Rui; Zhu, Weiyun; Guan, Le Luo; Wang, Wen; Qiu, Qiang; Mao, Shengyong; Xiong, Jie; Miao, Wei
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Hydrobiology, CAS; Nanjing Agricultural University; Jianghan University; Jilin Agricultural University; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; University of British Columbia; Peking University; Jianghan University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, CAS; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory
摘要：Rumen ciliates are major contributors to enteric methane emissions from ruminant animals, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We present a catalog of 450 rumen ciliate genomes, with 87% newly generated. Using this resource, we quantified methane emissions from 100 cows and analyzed 1877 rumen metagenomic and metatranscriptomic datasets, which revealed correlations among ciliate abundance, methanogen abundance, and methane emissions. We further demonstrated that taxon-specif...
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作者：Zhang, Zining; Liang, Zhehan; Ye, Rong; Dong, Guangbin
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：Medicinal chemistry campaigns routinely require access to series of saturated nitrogen heterocycle (SNH)-based analogs that place nitrogen at different positions to probe structure-activity relationships. However, systematic preparation of N-positional variants remains synthetically burdensome. In this work, we report a strategy for nitrogen scanning in sp3-rich scaffolds enabled by the exchange of a carbonyl group with an amine moiety, formally achieving a carbonyl-to-nitrogen (CO-to-N) atom ...
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作者：Cui, Jiayu
作者单位：Sichuan University
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作者：Zhu, Menglin; Xu, Michael; Qi, Yubo; Gilgenbach, Colin; Kim, Jieun; Zhang, Jiahao; Denzer, Bridget R.; Martin, Lane W.; Rappe, Andrew M.; LeBeau, James M.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Birmingham; University of Pennsylvania; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST); Rice University; Rice University
摘要：Introducing structural and/or chemical heterogeneity into otherwise ordered crystals can dramatically alter material properties. Lead-based relaxor ferroelectrics such as 0.68Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.32PbTiO3 are prototypical examples. We performed three-dimensional (3D) volumetric characterization using multislice electron ptychography (MEP) and bond valence molecular dynamics (BVMD) simulations. Real-space comparisons between the two under varying strain states revealed a coherent 3D view of the p...
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作者：Brodeur, Peter G.; Buckley, Thomas A.; Kanjee, Zahir; Goh, Ethan; Ling, Evelyn Bin; Jain, Priyank; Cabral, Stephanie; Abdulnour, Raja-Elie; Haimovich, Adrian D.; Freed, Jason A.; Olson, Andrew; Morgan, Daniel J.; Hom, Jason; Gallo, Robert; McCoy, Liam G.; Mombini, Haadi; Lucas, Christopher; Fotoohi, Misha; Gwiazdon, Matthew; Restifo, Daniele; Restrepo, Daniel; Horvitz, Eric; Chen, Jonathan; Manrai, Arjun K.; Rodman, Adam
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Baltimore; US Department of Veterans Affairs; Veterans Health Administration (VHA); VA Palo Alto Health Care System; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Alberta; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Microsoft; Stanford University
摘要：More than 65 years ago, complex clinical diagnostic reasoning cases were introduced as the gold standard for the evaluation of expert medical computing systems, a standard that has held ever since. In this study, we report the results of a physician evaluation of a large language model (LLM) on challenging clinical cases across five experiments with a baseline of hundreds of physicians. We then report a real-world study comparing human expert and artificial intelligence (AI) second opinions in...
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作者：Smith, Jennie Erin
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作者：Dong, Tian Y.; Vulis, Lawrence; Ma, Hongbo; Tejedor, Alejandro; Goudge, Timothy A.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Rio Grande Valley; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Zaragoza; University of Zaragoza; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：River deltas are densely populated, ecologically vital landscapes threatened by rising sea levels. Distributary channel networks disperse sediment to build deltaic land, yet the relationship between the network organization and land building remains elusive. Inspired by Hack's law, which shows that watershed drainage area scales with channel length in tributary networks, we analyzed a global dataset of distributary networks and found a nearly identical scaling relationship between distributary...
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作者：Hussein, Hussam
作者单位：University of Oxford
