6811期

最新文章

• The climate benefits of retiring a fully operational internal combustion engine vehicle AI翻译
  作者：Campbell, J. Elliott; Geyer, Roland
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
  摘要：Internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles represent the single largest source of carbon dioxide emissions for most US households. Although battery electric vehicles (BEVs) considerably reduce use-phase emissions, the transition poses a fundamental life cycle optimization challenge: Is there a net climate benefit to retiring a functional ICE vehicle before its end of life? Retiring a functioning ICE vehicle incurs a fundamental trade-off between BEV manufacturing emissions and decreased vehicle...
• Ebola raged below the radar for months, report says AI翻译
  作者：Kupferschmidt, Kai
• AI-designed viral genomes AI翻译
  作者：Inglesby, Thomas V.; Hanke, Moritz S.
  作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
• Heavily doped, highly compensated epitaxial ScN thin films exceed Boltzmann thermopower limits AI翻译
  作者：Karanje, Renuka; Rao, Dheemahi; Dadhich, Diksha; Rudra, Sourav; Pillai, Ashalatha Indiradevi Kamalasanan; Garbrecht, Magnus; Mukerjee, Subroto; Saha, Bivas
  作者单位：Department of Science & Technology (India); Jawaharlal Nehru Center for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR); Department of Science & Technology (India); Jawaharlal Nehru Center for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR); University of Sydney; Indian Institute of Science (IISC) - Bangalore; Department of Science & Technology (India); Jawaharlal Nehru Center for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR)
  摘要：The Seebeck effect converts a temperature gradient into an electric voltage. However, conventional transport theories constrain this thermopower to a few millivolts per Kelvin in crystalline materials. We present experimental evidence of a Seebeck coefficient exceeding -124 millivolts per Kelvin near room temperature in heavily doped, highly compensated (HDHC) epitaxial scandium nitride (ScN) thin films. Random distribution of charged dopants in HDHC ScN are known to generate potential fluctua...
• Generative design of bacteriophages with genome language models AI翻译
  作者：King, Samuel H.; Driscoll, Claudia L.; Li, David B.; Guo, Daniel; Merchant, Aditi T.; Brixi, Garyk; Wilkinson, Max E.; Hie, Brian L.
  作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford Medicine; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; Stanford University
  摘要：Many important biological functions arise not from single genes but from complex interactions encoded by entire genomes. We report the first generative design of complete bacteriophage genomes using genome language models. We generated viable bacteriophages with target host tropism, using the phage Phi X174 as our design template. Experimental testing yielded 16 phages with diverse fitness profiles in laboratory conditions. Cryo-electron microscopy confirmed that a generated phage utilizes an ...
• Decadal doubling of Siberian methane emissions due to warming-induced fires and methanogenesis AI翻译
  作者：Zhu, Sihong; Liu, Yi; Palmer, Paul I.; Feng, Liang; Yang, Dongxu; Chen, Shangfeng; Sasakawa, Motoki; Parker, Robert J.; Boesch, Hartmut; Cao, Junji; Hermansen, Ove; Platt, Stephen M.
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Atmospheric Physics, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Atmospheric Physics, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; University of Edinburgh; University of Edinburgh; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Atmospheric Physics, CAS; National Institute for Environmental Studies - Japan; University of Leicester; University of Leicester; University of Bremen; NILU
  摘要：The northern permafrost region, which stores double the amount of carbon in the atmosphere, is vulnerable to accelerated warming. Methane emissions from thawing permafrost may eventually result in a climate-carbon feedback. Our analysis of atmospheric methane data shows that Siberian growing-season methane emissions have increased by 12.0 +/- 1.9 teragrams of methane (TgCH4) (5% per year) over the period 2010-2023. We reveal contrasting Siberian hydrological trends linked to high-pressure syst...
• Calcium tunes snail mucus-based materials to multiple functions AI翻译
  作者：Gabler, Mariella; Raguin, Emeline; Scoppola, Ernesto; Steigenberger, Barbara; Yeroslaviz, Assa; Werner, Peter; Fratzl, Peter; Jehle, Franziska
  作者单位：Max Planck Society; Max Planck Society; Max Planck Society
  摘要：Mucus is known as a viscous fluid; yet, snails manufacture various mucus-based materials with much higher cohesion and tailored to different and even antagonistic functions, including lubrication, adhesion, protection, and defense. To gain insight into this versatility, we use a multidisciplinary approach to investigate five different mucus-based materials produced by the snail Cepaea nemoralis. Our results demonstrate that snails use collagen VI as a main structural component and add amorphou...
• Dengue vaccines need long-term surveillance AI翻译
  作者：Aguiar, Maira
  作者单位：Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM); Basque Foundation for Science
• The fungal pathogen Candida auris exposes chitin to trigger IFNγ and persist in hair follicles AI翻译
  作者：Merrill, Eric Dean; Prudent, Victoria; Basso, Pauline; Rapp, Emilie; Moghadam, Parna; Rodriguez, Abram; Hung, Ethan; Hurabielle, Charlotte; Cheng, Jeffrey; Cho, Raymond Jaihyun; Abegaze, Brook; Buck, Amanda; Pyper, Kennedi; Veinbachs, Alessandra; Wells, Elina K. C.; Scharschmidt, Tiffany C.; Rosenblum, Michael D.; Molofsky, Ari B.; Noble, Suzanne M.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Francisco; US Department of Veterans Affairs; Veterans Health Administration (VHA); University of California System; University of California San Francisco; Universite Paris Cite; Assistance Publique Hopitaux Paris (APHP); Hopital Universitaire Saint-Louis - APHP; Assistance Publique Hopitaux Paris (APHP); Universite Paris Cite; Hopital Universitaire Saint-Louis - APHP; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco
  摘要：Candida auris is a multidrug-resistant fungus of major public health concern whose mechanisms for persistence on skin, a major risk factor for deadly outbreaks, remain unclear. In this study, we compared skin colonization by C. auris versus C. albicans to illuminate distinct fungal-immune interactions in mice. C. auris exhibited enhanced skin persistence, hair follicle tropism, and direct hair binding. Whereas C. albicans triggered a type 3/17-skewed sterilizing antifungal immune response, C. ...
• How should India approach AI? AI翻译
  作者：Kapur, Akash; Narayanan, Arvind
  作者单位：Princeton University; Princeton University