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作者：Chu, May
作者单位：Chinese University of Hong Kong
摘要：This paper examines the evolution of China's food standard-setting procedures from both domestic and international perspectives, particularly in the context of the internationalization of regulation. After the reform and opening-up in 1978, state actors and leading enterprises monopolized the process of national food standard setting. With further participation in the global economy in the 21st century, China has become familiar with the international standard-setting procedures and has modele...
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作者：Cluley, Robert
作者单位：University of Nottingham
摘要：What should rivals do when they see competitors breaking agreed rules within systems of self-regulation? This study investigates compliant behavior among British advertisers to empirically answer this question. It analyses five years of complaints (n = 146,062) and adjudications (n = 4,832) published by the self-regulatory body for the British advertising industry. The majority of firms adopt a strategy of indifference and rarely regulate their rivals. Highly engaged firms either adopt an ange...
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作者：Diaz Diaz, Belen; Garcia-Ramos, Rebeca; Garcia Olalla, Myriam
作者单位：Universidad de Cantabria
摘要：The aim of this paper was to analyze equity market reactions to the mandatory European Union regulation of remuneration policies in financial institutions. Using event study methodology, we investigated market reactions to the first European Directive on compensation policies after the financial crisis using a sample of 124 banks operating in the European Union. We divided the sample into two groups according to bank size considering four criteria: the US Dodd-Frank Act 2010, the Liikanen Repo...
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作者：Schuster, Christian
作者单位：University of London; University College London
摘要：Why would incumbents undertake institutional reforms that constrain their discretion over state resources? Many studies point to electoral competition in response. They argue that incumbents who risk exit from office undertake reform to insure themselves against potentially hostile successors. This paper challenges this line of reasoning, arguing that it confounds two potential implications of electoral competition - potential and certain electoral losses - which yield contrary reform incentiv...
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作者：Bernauer, Thomas; Prakash, Aseem; Beiser-McGrath, Liam F.
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：Policies sometimes exempt particular categories of regulatees for reasons of equity and political feasibility. Will the non-exempt oppose the policy because they shoulder all of the policy costs? We outline an analytic framework for stress testing public support among the non-exempt when they are provided negative information about exemptions and reduced policy effectiveness. Empirically, we study public support for the odd-even road space rationing policy in India. Using a survey experiment w...
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作者：Haines, Fiona; Macdonald, Kate
作者单位：University of Melbourne
摘要：Redress for communities harmed by transnational business activity remains elusive. This paper examines community efforts to access redress for human rights-related harms via recourse to transnational nonjudicial mechanisms (NJMs) - a prevalent but widely debated instrument of transnational business regulation. Drawing together insights from theoretical debates surrounding nonjudicial regulation and evidence from a major empirical study of human rights redress claims in Indonesia and India, the...
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作者：O'Brien, Thomas C.; Tyler, Tom R.; Meares, Tracey L.
作者单位：Yale University
摘要：The research tests a model of reconciliation between authorities and communities. It expands past models of legitimacy to an intergroup dynamic model by identifying two community-level actions that legal authorities can undertake to build their popular legitimacy and promote cooperation. One type of action is a community-level reconciliatory gesture: an initiative that authorities make to communities to build trust by recognizing and trying to move beyond prior negative experiences. A second i...
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作者：Knill, Christoph; Fernandez-i-Marin, Xavier; Budde, Emma; Heichel, Stephan
作者单位：University of Munich
摘要：Morality policies evince a much closer relationship to religious doctrines than is the case in other policy areas and hence constitute a most likely case for the observation of religious effects on policymaking and regulatory change. Yet we still lack generally accepted answers to the questions of whether and how religion matters to morality policy. In this paper, we present a theoretical argument that helps to overcome the seemingly contradictory expectations derived from the secularization a...
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作者：Kinderman, Daniel
作者单位：University of Delaware
摘要：What are the prospects for the upward harmonization of regulatory standards, and why do governments support or oppose more stringent supranational regulation? To answer these questions, this paper examines an important case of upward regulatory harmonization, the European Union's non-financial disclosure Directive 2014/95/EU, which requires large firms to report on their social, environmental, and human rights impacts. In spite of favorable circumstances, the Directive's opponents watered down...
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作者：Horton, David P.; Lynch-Wood, Gary
作者单位：University of Liverpool; University of Manchester
摘要：England's National Health Service, the fifth largest employer in the world, has become heavily influenced by expert authority and the market economy, which has had implications for accountability and the receptiveness of health decisions to stakeholder needs. One response has been the introduction of a range of regulatory provisions designed to facilitate effective governance and stakeholder engagement. These provisions are scrutinized using three conceptual devices: core accountability, socia...
