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作者：Pavon Mediano, Andres
摘要：This article tests functional and institutional explanations for the different levels of formal independence of regulatory agencies in Latin America. The analysis is grounded in an original database of the formal independence level of 104 regulators in 8 countries and 13 regulatory sectors. The results challenge a central claim of the credible commitment hypothesis as they indicate that privatization is not a significant determinant of agency independence nor are utility regulators more likely...
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作者：van der Heijden, Jeroen
作者单位：Australian National University; Wageningen University & Research
摘要：Voluntary programs have rapidly become a means for the public, private, and third sectors to regulate and govern complex societal problems. Following the rapid and widespread emergence of these programs, scholars have been active in mapping, exploring, and interrogating their design and performance. Considerable advances have been made in describing program design and context conditions, and the actors involved in the voluntary program that relate to program performance. Less is known, however...
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作者：Federo, Ryan; Saz-Carranza, Angel
作者单位：Universitat Ramon Llull; Escuela Superior de Administracion y Direccion de Empresas (ESADE)
摘要：The United Nations (UN) system comprises several intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) that were established to contribute to the functioning of the overall transnational system of delivering global public goods. However, many IGOs under the UN system are criticized for their failure to accomplish their mandates. Research argues that IGO boards serve as a governance mechanism that should be designed in order to effectively perform the monitoring function to ensure fulfillment of IGO mandates....
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作者：Bolleyer, Nicole; Smirnova, Valeria; Di Mascio, Fabrizio; Natalini, Alessandro
作者单位：University of Exeter; Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf; University of Turin; Parthenope University Naples
摘要：The growing complexity of parliamentary ethics regulation adopted over the last decades makes the systematic examination of its nature and the rationales underpinning regulatory choices an important endeavor. In this paper we introduce conceptualizations and measurements of conflict of interest (COI) regulation directed toward assuring the impartial and unbiased decisionmaking of national parliamentarians. We distinguish the strictness of rules, the nature of enforcement, sanctions, and transp...
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作者：Chalmers, Adam W.
作者单位：University of London; King's College London
摘要：This article examines the contingent nature of financial industry lobbying power in the context of the policy formation stage of six European Commission regulatory proposals. I argue that lobbying success is a function of how well finance is able to speak with a unified voice. Building on existing studies, I examine industry unity as explicit preference alignment between actors but also in terms of actors abstaining from stating preferences. Staying silent on an issue sends signals to policyma...
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作者：Lelieveldt, Herman
作者单位：Utrecht University
摘要：This article analyzes the impact competition agencies have on the orchestrating role of states in domestic private regulation. I argue that these agencies can significantly affect interactions in the governance triangle through the way they apply a logic of the market to evaluate agreements between firms. The regulatory framework of European Union competition law has increasingly constrained the ability of firms to take into account broader interests when making agreements to foster social obj...
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作者：Nastase, Andreea; Muurmans, Claire
作者单位：Maastricht University
摘要：This article offers a systematic exploration of why interest groups sign up to the European Union Transparency Register, a non-binding lobby regulation system. We distinguish between instrumental and normative perspectives to explain voluntary compliance, and find that concern for one's reputation represents the most important motivational driver. Based on this, we suggest that the Transparency Register can be understood as a voluntary club sponsored by European institutions. This theoretical ...
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作者：Rinscheid, Adrian; Eberlein, Burkard; Emmenegger, Patrick; Schneider, Volker
作者单位：University of St Gallen; York University - Canada; University of St Gallen; University of Konstanz
摘要：Why do junctures become critical in some cases but not in others? Building on the critical juncture framework and perspectives on the formation and diffusion of beliefs, we develop a theoretically parsimonious and empirically traceable account of divergence in institutional outcomes. By illuminating the role of agency and joint belief shifts we further open the black box of critical junctures. In particular, we develop the argument that the role agents play is conditioned by conflict lines tha...
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作者：Weinkle, Jessica
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Wilmington
摘要：Using historical context and brief case studies of hurricane risk science, this article illustrates the intimate relationship between the insurance industry and scientific researchers largely assumed to be external to the industry. This paper argues that the extent to which the insurance industry directs, funds, and validates the production and use of science for estimating risk is itself a full blown political enterprise that functions to prioritize industry interests in views of hurricane ri...
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作者：Lurie, Guy; Reichman, Amnon; Sagy, Yair
作者单位：University of Haifa
摘要：To shed a realist light on court administration and the regulation of judges in liberal-democratic countries, we conduct an empirical study of an organ that has attracted little attention: the Director of Courts in Israel - an administrative entity that manages the judiciary. In important respects, the Director may be regarded as a regulator of judges, thus assessment of judicial independence in Israel is incomplete without recognizing its presence. The institution of the Director has undergon...
