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作者：Callen, Michael; Isaqzadeh, Mohammad; Long, James D.; Sprenger, Charles
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Stanford University
摘要：We investigate the relationship between violence and economic risk preferences in Afghanistan combining: (i) a two-part experimental procedure identifying risk preferences, violations of Expected Utility, and specific preferences for certainty; (ii) controlled recollection of fear based on established methods from psychology; and (iii) administrative violence data from precisely geocoded military records. We document a specific preference for certainty in violation of Expected Utility. The pre...
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作者：Einav, Liran; Knoepfle, Dan; Levin, Jonathan; Sundaresan, Neel
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; eBay Inc.
摘要：We estimate the sensitivity of Internet retail purchasing to sales taxes using eBay data. Our first approach exploits the fact that a seller's location-and therefore the applicable tax rate-is revealed only after a buyer has expressed interest in an item. We document how adverse tax surprises reduce the likelihood of purchase and shift subsequent purchases toward out-of-state sellers. We then use more aggregated data to estimate that every one percentage point increase in a state's sales tax i...
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作者：Adamopoulos, Tasso; Restuccia, Diego
作者单位：York University - Canada; University of Toronto
摘要：We study the determinants of differences in farm size across countries and their impact on agricultural and aggregate productivity using a quantitative sectoral model featuring a distribution of farms. Measured aggregate factors (capital, land, economy-wide productivity) account for one-quarter of the observed differences in farm size and productivity. Policies and institutions that misallocate resources across farms have the potential to account for the remaining differences. Exploiting withi...
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作者：Cortes, Kalena E.; Goodman, Joshua S.
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Harvard University
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作者：Mazzocco, Maurizio; Ruiz, Claudia; Yamaguchi, Shintaro
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; The World Bank; McMaster University
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作者：Deming, David J.; Hastings, Justine S.; Kane, Thomas J.; Staiger, Douglas O.
作者单位：Harvard University; Brown University; Harvard University; Dartmouth College
摘要：We study the impact of a public school choice lottery in Charlotte-Mecklenburg schools on college enrollment and degree completion. We find a significant overall increase in college attainment among lottery winners who attend their first-choice school. Using rich administrative data on peers, teachers, course offerings, and other inputs, we show that the impacts of choice are strongly predicted by gains on several measures of school quality. Gains in attainment are concentrated among girls. Gi...
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作者：Goux, Dominique; Maurin, Eric; Petrongolo, Barbara
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Paris School of Economics; University of London; Queen Mary University London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We study interdependencies in spousal labor supply by exploiting the design of the French workweek reduction, which introduced exogenous variation in one's spouse's labor supply, at constant earnings. Treated employees work on average two hours less per week. Husbands of treated women respond by reducing their labor supply by about half an hour, consistent with substantial leisure complementarity, and specifically cut the nonusual component of their workweek, leaving usual hours unchanged. Wom...
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作者：Maniadis, Zacharias; Tufano, Fabio; List, John A.
作者单位：University of Southampton; University of Nottingham; University of Chicago
摘要：Some researchers have argued that anchoring in economic valuations casts doubt on the assumption of consistent and stable preferences. We present new evidence that explores the strength of certain anchoring results. We then present a theoretical framework that provides insights into why we should be cautious of initial empirical findings in general. The model importantly highlights that the rate of false positives depends not only on the observed significance level, but also on statistical pow...
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作者：Gentzkow, Matthew; Shapiro, Jesse M.; Sinkinson, Michael
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：We study the competitive forces which shaped ideological diversity in the US press in the early twentieth century. We find that households preferred like-minded news and that newspapers used their political orientation to differentiate from competitors. We formulate a model of newspaper demand, entry, and political affiliation choice in which newspapers compete for both readers and advertisers. We use a combination of estimation and calibration to identify the model's parameters from novel dat...
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作者：Chetty, Raj; Friedman, John N.; Rockoff, Jonah E.
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University; Columbia University
摘要：Are teachers' impacts on students' test scores (value-added) a good measure of their quality? One reason this question has sparked debate is disagreement about whether value-added (VA) measures provide unbiased estimates of teachers' causal impacts on student achievement. We test for bias in VA using previously unobserved parent characteristics and a quasi-experimental design based on changes in teaching staff. Using school district and tax records for more than one million children, we find t...
