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• Adapting to Climate Change: The Remarkable Decline in the US Temperature-Mortality Relationship over the Twentieth Century AI翻译
  作者：Barreca, Alan; Clay, Karen; Deschenes, Olivier; Greenstone, Michael; Shapiro, Joseph S.
  作者单位：Tulane University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Carnegie Mellon University; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of Chicago; Yale University
  摘要：This paper examines the temperature-mortality relationship over the course of the twentieth-century United States both for its own interest and to identify potentially useful adaptations for coming decades. There are three primary findings. First, the mortality impact of days with mean temperature exceeding 80 degrees F declined by 75 percent. Almost the entire decline occurred after 1960. Second, the diffusion of residential air conditioning explains essentially the entire decline in hot day-...
• Carbon Taxes, Path Dependency, and Directed Technical Change: Evidence from the Auto Industry AI翻译
  作者：Aghion, Philippe; Dechezlepretre, Antoine; Hemous, David; Martin, Ralf; Van Reenen, John
  作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; INSEAD Business School; Imperial College London; National Bureau of Economic Research
  摘要：Can directed technical change be used to combat climate change? We construct new firm-level panel data on auto industry innovation distinguishing between dirty (internal combustion engine) and clean (e.g., electric, hybrid, and hydrogen) patents across 80 countries over several decades. We show that firms tend to innovate more in clean (and less in dirty) technologies when they face higher tax-inclusive fuel prices. Furthermore, there is path dependence in the type of innovation (clean/dirty) ...
• Evolving Comparative Advantage and the Impact of Climate Change in Agricultural Markets: Evidence from 1.7 Million Fields around the World AI翻译
  作者：Costinot, Arnaud; Donaldson, Dave; Smith, Cory
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University
  摘要：A large agronomic literature models the implications of climate change for a variety of crops and locations around the world. The goal of the present paper is to quantify the macro-level consequences of these micro-level shocks. Using an extremely rich micro-level data set that contains information about the productivity-both before and after climate change-of each of 10 crops for each of 1.7 million fields covering the surface of the earth, we find that the impact of climate change on these a...
• Market-Based Emissions Regulation and Industry Dynamics AI翻译
  作者：Fowlie, Meredith; Reguant, Mar; Ryan, Stephen P.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; Northwestern University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
  摘要：We assess the static and dynamic implications of alternative market-based policies limiting greenhouse gas emissions in the US cement industry. Our results highlight two countervailing market distortions. First, emissions regulation exacerbates distortions associated with the exercise of market power in the domestic cement market. Second, emissions leakage in trade-exposed markets offsets domestic emissions reductions. Taken together, these forces can result in social welfare losses under poli...
• Production versus Revenue Efficiency with Limited Tax Capacity: Theory and Evidence from Pakistan (Vol 123, pg 1311, 2015) AI翻译
  作者：Best, Michael Carlos; Brockmeyer, Anne; Kleven, Henrik Jacobsen; Spinnewijn, Johannes; Waseem, Mazhar
  作者单位：Stanford University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Manchester
• Transition to Clean Technology AI翻译
  作者：Acemoglu, Daron; Akcigit, Ufuk; Hanley, Douglas; Kerr, William
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Harvard University
  摘要：We develop an endogenous growth model in which clean and dirty technologies compete in production. Research can be directed to either technology. If dirty technologies are more advanced, the transition to clean technology can be difficult. Carbon taxes and research subsidies may encourage production and innovation in clean technologies, though the transition will typically be slow. We estimate the model using microdata from the US energy sector. We then characterize the optimal policy path tha...
• Participation and Duration of Environmental Agreements AI翻译
  作者：Battaglini, Marco; Harstad, Bard
  作者单位：Cornell University; University of Oslo
  摘要：We analyze participation in international environmental agreements in a dynamic game in which countries pollute and invest in green technologies. If complete contracts are feasible, participants eliminate the holdup problemassociated with their investments; however, most countries prefer to free ride rather than participate. If investments are noncontractible, countries face a holdup problemevery time they negotiate; but the free-rider problem can be mitigated and significant participation is ...