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作者：Hoffman, Mitchell; Kahn, Lisa B.; Li, Danielle
作者单位：University of Toronto; National Bureau of Economic Research; Yale University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Job-testing technologies enable firms to rely less on human judgment when making hiring decisions. Placing more weight on test scores may improve hiring decisions by reducing the influence of human bias or mistakes but may also lead firms to forgo the potentially valuable private information of their managers. We study the introduction of job testing across 15 firms employing low-skilled service sector workers. When faced with similar applicant pools, we find that managers who appear to hire a...
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作者：Iaria, Alessandro; Schwarz, Carlo; Waldinger, Fabian
作者单位：University of Brighton; University of Warwick; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We show that World War I and the subsequent boycott against Central scientists severely interrupted international scientific cooperation. After 1914, citations to recent research from abroad decreased and paper titles became less similar (evaluated by latent semantic analysis), suggesting a reduction in international knowledge flows. Reduced international scientific cooperation led to a decline in the production of basic science and its application in new technology Specifically, we compare pr...
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作者：Acemoglu, Daron; Egorov, Georgy; Sonin, Konstantin
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Northwestern University; University of Chicago; HSE University (National Research University Higher School of Economics)
摘要：An influential thesis often associated with de Tocqueville views social mobility as a bulwark of democracy: when members of a social group expect to join the ranks of other social groups in the near future, they should have less reason to exclude these other groups from the political process. In this article, we investigate this hypothesis using a dynamic model of political economy. As well as formalizing this argument, our model demonstrates its limits, elucidating a robust theoretical force ...
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作者：Dell, Melissa; Querubin, Pablo
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; New York University
摘要：This study uses discontinuities in U.S. strategies employed during the Vietnam War to estimate their causal impacts. It identifies the effects of bombing by exploiting rounding thresholds in an algorithm used to target air strikes. Bombing increased the military and political activities of the communist insurgency, weakened local governance, and reduced noncommunist civic engagement. The study also exploits a spatial discontinuity across neighboring military regions that pursued different coun...
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作者：Breza, Emily; Kaur, Supreet; Shamdasani, Yogita
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：Relative-pay concerns have potentially broad labor market implications. In a month-long experiment with Indian manufacturing workers, we randomize whether coworkers within production units receive the same flat daily wage or differential wages according to their (baseline) productivity ranks. When coworkers' productivity is difficult to observe, pay inequality reduces output by 0.45 standard deviations and attendance by 18 percentage points. It also lowers coworkers' ability to cooperate in th...
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作者：de Ree, Joppe; Muralidharan, Karthik; Pradhan, Menno; Rogers, Halsey
作者单位：The World Bank; University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Amsterdam; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute
摘要：How does a large unconditional increase in salary affect the performance of incumbent employees in the public sector? We present experimental evidence on this question in the context of a policy change in Indonesia that led to a permanent doubling of teacher base salaries. Using a large-scale randomized experiment across a representative sample of Indonesian schools that accelerated this pay increase for teachers in treated schools, we find that the large pay increase significantly improved te...
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作者：Piketty, Thomas; Saez, Emmanuel; Zucman, Gabriel
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This article combines tax, survey, and national accounts data to estimate the distribution of national income in the United States since 1913. Our distributional national accounts capture 100% of national income, allowing us to compute growth rates for each quantile of the income distribution consistent with macroeconomic growth. We estimate the distribution of both pretax and posttax income, making it possible to provide a comprehensive view of how government redistribution affects inequality...
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作者：Hansen, Stephen; McMahon, Michael; Prat, Andrea
作者单位：University of Oxford; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Oxford; University of Oxford; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Oxford; Columbia University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：How does transparency, a key feature of central bank design, affect monetary policy makers' deliberations? Theory predicts a positive discipline effect and negative conformity effect. We empirically explore these effects using a natural experiment in the Federal Open Market Committee in 1993 and computational linguistics algorithms. We first find large changes in communication patterns after transparency. We then propose a difference-in-differences approach inspired by the career concerns lite...
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作者：Herndrics, Lutz; Schoellman, Todd
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis
摘要：We use new data on the pre- and postmigration wages of immigrants to the United States to measure wage gains at migration. The average immigrant from a middle-income or poor country increases their wage by a factor of two to three upon migration. This wage gain is small relative to the underlying gap in GDP per worker. In a development accounting framework, this finding implies that switching countries accounts for 40% of cross-country income differences, while human capital accounts for 60%. ...
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作者：Che, Yeon-Koo; Horner, Johannes
作者单位：Columbia University; Yale University; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics
摘要：This article studies how a recommender system may incentivize users to learn about a product collaboratively. To improve the incentives for early exploration, the optimal design trades off fully transparent disclosure by selectively overrecommending the product (or spamming) to a fraction of users. Under the optimal scheme, the designer spams very little on a product immediately after its release but gradually increases its frequency; she stops it altogether when she becomes sufficiently pessi...
