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作者：Christensen, Darin; Dube, Oeindrila; Haushofer, Johannes; Siddiqi, Bilal; Voors, Maarten
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; Stockholm University; Max Planck Society; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Wageningen University & Research
摘要：Skepticism about the quality of health systems and their consequent underuse are thought to contribute to high rates of mortality in the developing world. The perceived quality of health services may be especially critical during epidemics, when people choose whether to cooperate with response efforts and front-line health workers. Can improving the perceived quality of health care promote community health and ultimately help to contain epidemics? We leverage a field experiment in Sierra Leone...
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作者：Carvalho, Vasco M.; Nirei, Makoto; Saito, Yukiko U.; Tahbaz-Salehi, Alireza
作者单位：University of Cambridge; Alan Turing Institute; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Tokyo; Waseda University; Northwestern University
摘要：Exploiting the exogenous and regional nature of the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011, this article provides a quantification of the role of input-output linkages as a mechanism for the propagation and amplification of shocks. We document that the disruption caused by the disaster propagated upstream and downstream along supply chains, affecting the direct and indirect suppliers and customers of disaster-stricken firms. Using a general equilibrium model of production networks, we then obtain...
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作者：Jager, Simon; Schoefer, Benjamin; Heining, Joerg
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We estimate the wage effects of shared governance, or codetermination, in the form of a mandate of one-third of corporate board seats going to worker representatives. We study a reform in Germany that abruptly abolished this mandate for stock corporations incorporated after August 1994, while it locked the mandate for the slightly older cohorts. Our research design compares firm cohorts incorporated before the reform and after; in a robustness check we draw on the analogous difference in unaff...
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作者：Macchiavello, Rocco; Morjaria, Ameet
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Northwestern University
摘要：How does competition affect market outcomes when formal contracts are not enforceable and parties resort to relational contracts? Difficulties with measuring relational contracts and dealing with the endogeneity of competition have frustrated attempts to answer this question. We make progress by studying relational contracts between upstream farmers and downstream mills in Rwanda's coffee industry. First, we identify salient dimensions of their relational contracts and measure them through an ...
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作者：Rose, Evan K.
作者单位：Microsoft
摘要：Most convicted offenders serve their sentences under community supervision at home instead of in prison. Under supervision, however, a technical rule violation, such as not paying fees, can result in incarceration. Rule violations account for 25% of prison admissions nationally and are significantly more common among black offenders. I test whether technical rules are effective tools for identifying likely reoffenders and deterring crime and examine their disparate racial impacts using adminis...
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作者：Bhandari, Anmol; McGrattan, Ellen R.
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; National Bureau of Economic Research; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis
摘要：We develop a theory of sweat equity-the value of business owners' time and expenses to build customer bases, client lists, and other intangible assets. We discipline the theory using data from U.S. national accounts, business censuses, and brokered sales to estimate a value for sweat equity in the private business sector equal to 1.2 times U.S. GDP, which is about the same magnitude as the value of fixed assets in use in these businesses. For a typical owner, 26% of the sweat equity is transfe...
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作者：Gopinath, Gita; Stein, Jeremy C.
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We explore the interplay between trade-invoicing patterns and the pricing of safe assets in different currencies. Our theory highlights the following points: (i) a currency's role as a unit of account for invoicing decisions is complementary to its role as a safe store of value; (ii) this complementarity can lead to the emergence of a single dominant currency in trade invoicing and global banking, even when multiple large candidate countries share similar economic fundamentals; (iii) firms in ...
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作者：Marinescu, Ioana; Skandalis, Daphne
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Copenhagen
摘要：How does unemployment insurance (UI) affect unemployed workers' search behavior? Search models predict that until benefit exhaustion, UI depresses job search effort and increases reservation wages. Over an unemployment spell, search effort should increase up to benefit exhaustion and stay high thereafter. Meanwhile, reservation wages should decrease up to benefit exhaustion and stay low thereafter. To test these predictions, we link administrative registers to data on job search behavior from ...
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作者：Kehrig, Matthias; Vincent, Nicolas
作者单位：Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal
摘要：The labor share in U.S. manufacturing declined from 61% in 1967 to 41% in 2012. The labor share of the typical U.S. manufacturing establishment, in contrast, rose by over 3 percentage points during the same period. Using micro-level data, we document five salient facts: (i) since the 1980s, there has been a dramatic reallocation of value added toward the lower end of the labor share distribution; (ii) this aggregate reallocation is not due to entry/exit, to superstars growing faster, or to lar...
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作者：Dahl, Gordon B.; Kotsadam, Andreas; Rooth, Dan-Olof
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Stockholm University
摘要：We examine whether integrating men and women in a traditionally male-dominated environment can change men's attitudes about mixed-gender productivity, gender roles, and gender identity. Our context is the military in Norway, where we randomly assigned female recruits to some squads but not others during boot camp. We find that living and working with women for eight weeks causes men to have more egalitarian attitudes. There is a 14 percentage point higher fraction of men who think mixed-gender...
