作者：Shapiro, Joseph S.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This article describes a new fact, then analyzes its causes and consequences: in most countries, import tariffs and nontariff barriers are substantially lower on dirty than on clean industries, where an industry's dirtiness is defined as its carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per dollar of output. This difference in trade policy creates a global implicit subsidy to CO2 emissions in internationally traded goods and contributes to climate change. This global implicit subsidy to CO2 emissions totals ...
作者：Augenblick, Ned; Rabin, Matthew
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Harvard University
摘要：When a Bayesian learns new information and changes her beliefs, she must on average become concomitantly more certain about the state of the world. Consequently, it is rare for a Bayesian to frequently shift beliefs substantially while remaining relatively uncertain, or, conversely, become very confident with relatively little belief movement. We formalize this intuition by developing specific measures of movement and uncertainty reduction given a Bayesian's changing beliefs over time, showing...
