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作者：Gethin, Amory; Martinez-Toledano, Clara; Piketty, Thomas
作者单位：Paris School of Economics; Imperial College London
摘要：This article sheds new light on the long-run evolution of political cleavages in 21 Western democracies. We exploit a new database on the socioeconomic determinants of the vote, covering more than 300 elections held between 1948 and 2020. In the 1950s and 1960s, the vote for social democratic, socialist, and affiliated parties was associated with lower-educated and low-income voters. It has gradually become associated with higher-educated voters, giving rise in the 2010s to a disconnection bet...
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作者：Ilut, Cosmin; Valchev, Rosen
作者单位：Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Boston College
摘要：We develop a novel bounded rationality model of imperfect reasoning as the interaction between automatic (System 1) and analytical (System 2) thinking. In doing so, we formalize the empirical consensus of cognitive psychology using a structural, constrained-optimal economic framework of mental information acquisition about the unknown optimal policy function. A key result is that agents reason less (more) when facing usual (unusual) states of the world, producing state- and history-dependent b...
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作者：Cook, Lisa D.; Jones, Maggie E. C.; Logan, Trevon D.; Rose, David
作者单位：Michigan State University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Emory University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Wilfrid Laurier University
摘要：The economic analysis of racial discrimination in public accommodations is remarkably limited. To study this issue, we construct a national data set of nondiscriminatory establishments from the Negro Motorist Green Books, a travel guide published from 1936 to 1966 to aid Black Americans in finding nondiscriminatory retail and service establishments. We document patterns in the geographic spread and evolution of Green Book establishments, as well as the correlates of Green Book presence. We fin...
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作者：Barr, Andrew; Eggleston, Jonathan; Smith, Alexander A.
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; United States Department of Defense; United States Army; United States Military Academy
摘要：We provide new evidence that cash transfers following the birth of a first child can have large and long-lasting effects on that child's outcomes. We take advantage of the January 1 birthdate cutoff for U.S. child-related tax benefits, which results in families of otherwise similar children receiving substantially different refunds during the first year of life. For the average low-income single-child family in our sample, this difference amounts to roughly $1,300, or 10% of income. Using the ...
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作者：Knutsson, Daniel; Tyrefors, Bjorn
作者单位：Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN); Stockholm University
摘要：Economic theory predicts that outsourcing public services to private firms reduces costs, but the effect on quality is ambiguous. We explore quality differences between publicly and privately owned ambulances in Stockholm County, Sweden, a setting where patients are as good as randomly assigned to ambulances with different ownership status. We find that private ambulances reduce costs and perform better on contracted measures such as response time, but perform worse on noncontracted measures s...
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作者：Alvarez, Fernando; Argente, David
作者单位：University of Chicago; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：We use three quasi-natural experiments in Mexico and one in Panama to estimate the effects of having the option to pay with cash on Uber rides. The ability to pay in cash affects the demand for rides, which is reflected in large changes in the total number of trips, fares, miles, and number of users after Uber introduced cash payments, particularly in lower-income city blocks. On the other hand, the effects on prices, estimated times of arrival, and competitor pricing are negligible, consisten...
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作者：Xu, Chenzi
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：I show that a disruption to the financial sector can reshape the patterns of global trade for decades. I study the first modern global banking crisis originating in London in 1866 and collect archival loan records that link multinational banks headquartered there to their lending abroad. Countries exposed to bank failures in London immediately exported significantly less and did not recover their lost growth relative to unexposed places. Their market shares within each destination also remaine...
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作者：Smith, Matthew; Zidar, Owen; Zwick, Eric
作者单位：United States Department of the Treasury; Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago
摘要：This article uses administrative tax data to estimate top wealth in the United States. We assemble new data that link people to their sources of capital income and develop new methods to estimate the degree of return heterogeneity within asset classes. Disaggregated fixed-income data reveal that rich individuals earn much more of their interest income in higher-yielding forms and have much greater exposure to credit risk. Consequently, in recent years, the interest rate on fixed income at the ...
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作者：Adao, Rodrigo; Carrillo, Paul; Costinot, Arnaud; Donaldson, Dave; Pomeranz, Dina
作者单位：University of Chicago; George Washington University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Zurich
摘要：The earnings of individuals depend on the demand for the factor services they supply. International trade may therefore affect earnings inequality because either (i) foreign consumers and firms demand domestic factor services in different proportions than domestic consumers and firms do, an export channel; or (ii) domestic consumers and firms change their demand for domestic factor services in response to the availability of foreign goods, an import channel. Building on this idea, we develop n...
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作者：Cai, Jing; Wang, Shing-Yi
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Bureau of Economic Research; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Using a randomized experiment with an automobile manufacturing firm in China, we measure the effects of letting workers evaluate their managers on worker and firm outcomes. In the treatment teams, workers evaluate their managers monthly. We find that providing feedback leads to significant reductions in worker turnover and increases in team-level productivity. In addition, workers report higher levels of happiness and well-being. The evidence suggests that these results are driven by learning ...
