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作者：Greenberg, Kyle; Gudgeon, Matthew; Isen, Adam; Miller, Corbin; Patterson, Richard
作者单位：United States Military Academy; United States Department of Defense; United States Army; United States Department of the Treasury; Brigham Young University
摘要：Since the beginning of the all-volunteer era, millions of young Americans have chosen to enlist in the military. These volunteers disproportionately come from disadvantaged backgrounds, and while some aspects of military service are likely to be beneficial, exposure to violence and other elements of service could worsen outcomes. This article links the universe of army applicants between 1990 and 2011 to their federal tax records and other administrative data and uses two eligibility threshold...
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作者：Balboni, Clare; Bandiera, Oriana; Burgess, Robin; Ghatak, Maitreesh; Heil, Anton
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：There are two broad views as to why people stay poor. One emphasizes differences in fundamentals, such as ability, talent, or motivation. The poverty traps view emphasizes differences in opportunities that stem from access to wealth. To test these views, we exploit a large-scale, randomized asset transfer and an 11-year panel of 6,000 households who begin in extreme poverty. The setting is rural Bangladesh, and the assets are cows. The data support the poverty traps view-we identify a threshol...
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作者：Alan, Sule; Corekcioglu, Gozde; Sutter, Matthias
作者单位：European University Institute; Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent University; Kadir Has University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Max Planck Society; University of Cologne; University of Innsbruck
摘要：We evaluate the impact of a training program aimed at improving the relational atmosphere in the workplace. The program encourages prosocial behavior and the use of professional language, focusing primarily on leaders' behavior and leader-subordinate interactions. We implement this program using a clustered randomized design involving over 3,000 headquarters employees of 20 large corporations in Turkey. We evaluate the program with respect to employee separation, pro- and antisocial behavior, ...
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作者：Aquilina, Matteo; Budish, Eric; O'Neill, Peter
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We use stock exchange message data to quantify the negative aspect of high-frequency trading, known as latency arbitrage. The key difference between message data and widely familiar limit order book data is that message data contain attempts to trade or cancel that fail. This allows the researcher to observe both winners and losers in a race, whereas in limit order book data you cannot see the losers, so you cannot directly see the races. We find that latency arbitrage races are very frequent ...
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作者：Alpert, Abby; Evans, William N.; Lieber, Ethan M. J.; Powell, David
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Notre Dame; RAND Corporation
摘要：Overdose deaths involving opioids have increased dramatically since the 1990s, leading to the worst drug overdose epidemic in U.S. history, but there is limited empirical evidence about the initial causes. In this article, we examine the role of the 1996 introduction and marketing of OxyContin as a potential leading cause of the opioid crisis. We leverage cross-state variation in exposure to OxyContin's introduction due to a state policy that substantially limited the drug's early entry and ma...
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作者：Alfaro-Urena, Alonso; Manelici, Isabela; Vasquez, Jose P.
作者单位：Universidad Costa Rica; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We study the effects of becoming a supplier to multinational corporations (MNCs) using tax data tracking firm-to-firm transactions in Costa Rica. Event study estimates reveal that domestic firms experience strong and persistent gains in performance after supplying to a first MNC buyer. Four years after, domestic firms employ 26% more workers and have a 4% to 9% higher total factor productivity (TFP). These effects are unlikely to be explained by demand effects or changes in tax compliance. Mor...
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作者：Chan, David C.; Gentzkow, Matthew; Yu, Chuan
作者单位：US Department of Veterans Affairs; Veterans Health Administration (VHA); VA Palo Alto Health Care System; Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University
摘要：Physicians, judges, teachers, and agents in many other settings differ systematically in the decisions they make when faced with similar cases. Standard approaches to interpreting and exploiting such differences assume they arise solely from variation in preferences. We develop an alternative framework that allows variation in preferences and diagnostic skill and show that both dimensions may be partially identified in standard settings under quasi-random assignment. We apply this framework to...
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作者：vom Lehn, Christian; Winberry, Thomas
作者单位：Brigham Young University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We argue that the network of investment production and purchases across sectors is an important propagation mechanism for understanding business cycles. Empirically, we show that the majority of investment goods are produced by a few investment hubs, which are more cyclical than other sectors. We embed this investment network into a multisector business cycle model and show that sector-specific shocks to the investment hubs and their key suppliers have large effects on aggregate employment and...
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作者：Clayton, Christopher; Schaab, Andreas
作者单位：Yale University; Columbia University
摘要：We study the scope for international cooperation in macroprudential policies. Multinational banks contribute to and are affected by fire sales in countries they operate in. National governments setting quantity regulations noncooperatively fail to achieve the globally efficient outcome, underregulating domestic banks and overregulating foreign banks. Surprisingly, noncooperative national governments using revenue-generating Pigouvian taxation can achieve the global optimum. Intuitively, this o...
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作者：Montiel Olea, Jose Luis; Ortoleva, Pietro; Pai, Mallesh M.; Prat, Andrea
作者单位：Cornell University; Princeton University; Rice University; Columbia University
摘要：Different agents need to make a prediction. They observe identical data, but have different models: they predict using different explanatory variables. We study which agent believes they have the best predictive ability-as measured by the smallest subjective posterior mean squared prediction error-and show how it depends on the sample size. With small samples, we present results suggesting it is an agent using a low-dimensional model. With large samples, it is generally an agent with a high-di...
