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作者：Wong, Woan Foong
作者单位：University of Oregon
摘要：Container ships travel between a fixed set of origins and destinations in round trips, inducing a negative correlation in their freight rates. I study the implications of this round trip effect on international trade and trade policy. I identify this effect and develop an instrument using it to estimate the impact of transport costs on trade. I simulate counterfactual import tariff increases in a quantitative model and quantify the importance of endogenizing transport costs with respect to thi...
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作者：Casaburi, Lorenzo; Reed, Tristan
作者单位：University of Zurich; The World Bank
摘要：Interference across competing firms in RCTs can be informative about market structure. An experiment that subsidizes a random subthis idea. Interpreting treatment-control differences in prices and quantities purchased from farmers through a model of Cournot competition reveals differentiation between traders is low. Combining this result with quasi-experimental variation in world prices shows that the number of traders competing is 50 percent higher than the number operating in a village. Own-...
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作者：Iizuka, Toshiaki; Shigeoka, Hitoshi
作者单位：University of Tokyo; University of Tokyo; University of Tokyo
摘要：Do consumers react differently to zero prices? We test the presence of a zero-price effect in child health care and find that a zero price is special as it boosts demand discontinuously. A zero price affects resource allocations by encouraging healthier children to use more services and exacerbates behavioral hazard by increasing inappropri-ate use of antibiotics. A co-payment, of as small as US$2 per visit, alle-viates these problems without substantially increasing financial risk. However, a...
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作者：Arnold, David
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：While privatization of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) remains a popular policy tool in many countries, the impacts on workers are unclear. This paper studies the case of Brazil, which implemented a large privatization program in the 1990s. Following privatization, incumbent workers in privatized SOEs suffer a wage decline of roughly 25 percent relative to a matched control group. Additionally, private sector firms that are connected to privatized SOEs by labor mobility also reduce wages. A sum...
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作者：Avis, Eric; Ferraz, Claudio; Finan, Frederico; Varjao, Carlos
作者单位：Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal; University of British Columbia; Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Amazon.com
摘要：This paper studies the effects of campaign spending limits on the political entry, selection, and behavior of local politicians in Brazil. We analyze a reform that limits campaign spending for mayoral elections. The limits were implemented with a discontinuity that we exploit for causal identification. We find that stricter limits reduce reelection rates and increase political competition by attracting more candidates who are also less wealthy and rely less on self-financing. Despite their eff...
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作者：Hjalmarsson, Randi; Lindquist, Matthew J.
作者单位：University of Gothenburg; Stockholm University
摘要：This paper studies the health effects of Swedish prison reforms that held sentences constant but increased the share of time inmates had to serve. The increased time served did not harm post-release health and actually reduced mortality risk. We find especially large decreases in mortality for offenders not previously incarcerated, younger offenders, and those more attached to the labor market. Risk of suicide and circulatory death fell for inmates with mental health problems and older inmates...
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作者：Spamann, Holger
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：Heyes and Saberian ( 2019b) estimate from 2000-2004 data that outdoor temperature reduces US immigration judges' propensity to grant asylum. This estimate is the result of coding and data errors and of sample selection. Correcting the errors reduces the point estimate by two-thirds, with a wide 95 percent confidence interval straddling zero. Enlarging the sample to 1990-2019 flips the point estimate's sign and rules out the effect size reported by Heyes and Saberian with very high confidence. ...
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作者：Genakos, Christos; Pagliero, Mario
作者单位：University of Cambridge; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Collegio Carlo Alberto; University of Turin
摘要：We measure how pass-through varies with competition in isolated oligopolistic markets with captive consumers. Using daily pricing data from gas stations on small Greek islands, we study how unantic-ipated and exogenous changes in excise duties are passed through to consumers in markets with different numbers of retailers. We find that pass-through increases from 0.4 in monopoly markets to 1 in markets with four or more competitors and remains constant thereafter. The speed of price adjustment ...
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作者：Guvenen, Fatih; Kaplan, Greg; Song, Jae; Weidner, Justin
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago; Deutsche Bank
摘要：Between the 1957 and 1983 labor market entry cohorts, median life-time earnings declined by 10-19 percent for men and increased by 22-33 percent for women, albeit relative to very low median life-time earnings for the early cohorts. The difference between newer and older cohorts comes from differences in median earnings at the time of labor market entry. Inequality in lifetime earnings has increased significantly within each gender group, but the closing life-time gender gap has kept overall l...
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作者：Heyes, Anthony; Saberian, Soodeh
作者单位：University of Ottawa; University of Exeter; University of Manitoba
摘要：This paper evidenced the sensitivity of US immigration judge decisions to temperature in the city of arbitration on the date of a case's completion. This note serves to correct errors noted since publication. The results from both the main linear specifications are qualitatively unchanged, with estimated treatment effects similar in size to the original and retaining statistical significance at conventional levels. Some secondary results lose significance with the erosion of sample size. We al...
