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作者：Teltser, Keith F.
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia State University
摘要：In this paper, I estimate the number of additional transplants generated by kidney exchanges. To do this, I analyze substitution patterns between exchange transplants and other transplant outcomes. Exploiting variation in patients exposure to exchange activity across time and place, I find that 64 percent of exchange transplants represent new' living donor transplants. Using the same approach, I find that an increase in the probability of receiving an exchange transplant reduces the probabilit...
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作者：Brockmeyer, Anne; Smith, Spencer; Hernandez, Marco; Kettle, Stewart
作者单位：The World Bank; University of Chicago
摘要：The majority of firms in developing countries are informal, yet even among registered firms, tax filing rates are low. We argue that non-filing of taxes among registered firms constitutes an important intermediate form of informality, which can be tackled cost-effectively. Using a randomized experiment in Costa Rica, we show that credible enforcement emails increased the tax payment rate (amount) by 3.4 p.p. (US$15) among previously non-filing firms. Emails that highlight third-party reports o...
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作者：Lovenheim, Michael F.; Willen, Alexander
作者单位：Cornell University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
摘要：We analyze how exposure to teacher collective bargaining affects long-run outcomes for students, exploiting the timing of state duty-to-bargain law passage in a cross-cohort difference-in-difference framework. Among men, exposure to a duty-to-bargain law in the first 10 years after passage depresses annual earnings by $2,134 (3.93 percent), decreases weekly hours worked by 0.42, and reduces employment and labor force participation. The earnings estimate implies that current duty-to-bargain law...
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作者：Galiani, Sebastian; Hajj, Nadya; McEwan, Patrick J.; Ibarraran, Pablo; Krishnaswamy, Nandita
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Wellesley College; Inter-American Development Bank; University of Southern California
摘要：In a Honduran field experiment, sequences of cash transfers to poor households varied in amount of the largest (peak) and last (end) transfers. Larger peak-end transfers increased voter turnout and the incumbent party's vote share in the 2013 presidential election, independently of cumulative transfers. A plausible explanation is that voters succumbed to a common cognitive bias by applying peak-end heuristics. Another is that voters deliberately used peak-end transfers to update beliefs about ...
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作者：Cabral, Marika; Cullen, Mark R.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The welfare associated with public insurance is often difficult to quantify because the demand for coverage is unobserved and thus cannot be used to analyze welfare. However, in many settings, individuals can purchase private insurance to supplement public coverage. This paper outlines an approach to use data and variation from private complementary insurance to quantify welfare associated with counterfactuals related to compulsory public insurance. We then apply this approach using administra...
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作者：Frakes, Michael; Gruber, Jonathan
作者单位：Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We estimate the extent of defensive medicine by physicians, embracing the no-liability counterfactual made possible by the structure of liability rules in the Military Health System. Active-duty patients seeking treatment from military facilities cannot sue for harms resulting from negligent care, while protections are provided to dependents treated at military facilities and to all patients active duty or not that receive care from civilian facilities. Drawing on this variation and exploiting...
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作者：Pashchenko, Svetlana; Porapakkarm, Ponpoje
作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies
摘要：Individuals' medical spending has both necessary and discretionary components, which are not, however, separately observable. This paper studies ways to improve upon existing public health insurance policies by using a framework where both the discretionary and necessary components of medical spending are explicitly modeled. First, using a simple theoretical framework, the paper shows that the key to reducing discretionary medical spending is to introduce a trade-off between nonmedical and med...
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作者：Maffini, Giorgia; Xing, Jing; Devereux, Michael P.
作者单位：University of Oxford; Bocconi University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
摘要：Using UK corporation tax returns, we provide evidence on the effects of accelerated depreciation allowances on investment, exploiting exogenous changes in the qualifying thresholds for first-year depreciation allowances (FYAs) in 2004. The investment rate of qualifying companies increased by 2.1-2.5 percentage points relative to those that did not qualify. We exploit variation in the timing of lax payments to show that this effect is primarily due to the change in the cost of capital, rather t...
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作者：Banks, James; Blundell, Richard; Levell, Peter; Smith, James P.
作者单位：University of Manchester; University of London; University College London; RAND Corporation
摘要：This paper documents significantly steeper declines in nondurable expenditures at older ages in the United Kingdom compared to the United States, in spite of income paths being similar. Several possible causes are explored, including different employment paths, housing ownership and expenses, levels and paths of health status, number of household members, and out-of-pocket medical expenditures. Among all the potential explanations considered, those relating to health care differences in levels...
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作者：Lu, Yi; Wang, Jin; Zhu, Lianming
作者单位：Tsinghua University; Tsinghua University; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; University of Osaka
摘要：Combining rich firm and administrative data, this paper examines the incidence and effectiveness of a prominent place-based policy in China: special economic zones. Establishing zones is found to have had a positive effect on capital investment, employment, output, productivity, and wages, and to have increased the number of firms in the designated areas. Net entry plays a larger role in generating those effects than incumbents. The special zone program's net benefits over three years are esti...
