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作者：Baker, Michael; Gruber, Jonathan; Milligan, Kevin
作者单位：University of Toronto; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of British Columbia; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Past research documents the persistence of positive impacts of early life interventions on noncognitive skills. We test the symmetry of this finding by studying the persistence of a sizeable negative shock to noncognitive outcomes arising with the introduction of universal child care in Quebec. We find that the negative effects on noncognitive outcomes persisted to school ages, and also that cohorts with increased child care access had worse health, lower life satisfaction, and higher crime ra...
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作者：Chang, Tom; Zivin, Joshua S. Graff; Gross, Tal; Neidell, Matthew J.
作者单位：University of Southern California; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research
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作者：Campbell, Jeffrey R.; Hercowitz, Zvi
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago; Tilburg University; Reichman University; Tel Aviv University
摘要：Existing evidence from US middle class households shows that their MPCs out of tax rebates greatly exceed the PIH's prediction and are weakly related to their liquid assets. The standard precautionary-saving model predicts the first fact but counterfactually requires MPCs to decrease with liquid wealth. Evidence from the Survey of Consumer Finances indicates widespread saving in anticipation of major expenditures like home purchases and college education. Adding such savings to the standard pr...
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作者：Carrillo, Bladimir; Feres, Jose
作者单位：Universidade Federal de Vicosa
摘要：We analyze a policy that substantially expanded the supply of primary care physicians in Brazil. The program increased doctor visits across all age groups and led to greater utilization of doctors for prenatal care. However, these physicians replaced nurse visits for prenatal care without increasing the overall number of visits women receive. We find no evidence of gains in widely used metrics of infant health, including birth weight, gestation, and infant mortality. Together, these findings p...
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作者：Liu, Yongzheng; Mao, Jie
作者单位：Renmin University of China; University of International Business & Economics
摘要：China initiated a major reform for capital taxation in 2004. Completed in 2009, it introduced permanent tax incentives for firms' investment in fixed assets. We explore a unique firm-level dataset from years 2005-2012 and utilize a quasi-experimental design to test the impacts of the reform on firms' investment and productivity. We find that, on average, the reform raised investment and productivity of the treated firms relative to the control firms by 38.4 percent and 8.9 percent, respectivel...
