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作者：Ho, Daniel E.; Ashwood, Zoe C.; Handan-Nader, Cassandra
作者单位：Stanford University; Princeton University; Stanford University
摘要：The case of restaurant hygiene grading occupies a central role in information disclosure scholarship. Comparing Los Angeles, which enacted grading in 1998, with California from 1995-1999, Jin and Leslie (2003) found that grading reduced foodborne illness hospitalizations by 20 percent. Expanding hospitalization data and collecting new data on mandatorily reported illnesses, we show that this finding does not hold up under improvements to the original data and methodology. The largest salmonell...
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作者：Teltser, Keith F.
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia State University
摘要：In this paper, I estimate the number of additional transplants generated by kidney exchanges. To do this, I analyze substitution patterns between exchange transplants and other transplant outcomes. Exploiting variation in patients exposure to exchange activity across time and place, I find that 64 percent of exchange transplants represent new' living donor transplants. Using the same approach, I find that an increase in the probability of receiving an exchange transplant reduces the probabilit...
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作者：Milligan, Kevin; Smart, Michael
作者单位：University of British Columbia; University of Toronto
摘要：We develop a theory of cross-border income shifting in response to subnational personal taxation in a federation and examine its implications for the excess burden of personal taxes. We show how a properly chosen federal tax rate can offset the fiscal externality between states and facilitate decentralization, even in a heterogeneous federation where unitary taxation is suboptimal. Optimal taxes depend on the elasticities of national tax avoidance and of cross-state tax base shifting). We esti...
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作者：Brockmeyer, Anne; Smith, Spencer; Hernandez, Marco; Kettle, Stewart
作者单位：The World Bank; University of Chicago
摘要：The majority of firms in developing countries are informal, yet even among registered firms, tax filing rates are low. We argue that non-filing of taxes among registered firms constitutes an important intermediate form of informality, which can be tackled cost-effectively. Using a randomized experiment in Costa Rica, we show that credible enforcement emails increased the tax payment rate (amount) by 3.4 p.p. (US$15) among previously non-filing firms. Emails that highlight third-party reports o...
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作者：Ruh, Philippe; Staubli, Stefan
作者单位：University of Zurich; University of Calgary; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); IZA Institute Labor Economics; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Most countries reduce disability insurance (DI) benefits for beneficiaries earning above a specified threshold. Such an earnings threshold generates a discontinuous increase in tax liability-a notch-and creates an incentive to keep earnings below the threshold. Exploiting such a notch in Austria, we provide transparent and credible identification of the effect of financial incentives on DI beneficiaries' earnings. Using rich administrative data, we document large and sharp bunching at the earn...
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作者：Huet-Vaughn, Emiliano
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：This paper estimates the impact of public good spending on voting behavior in the United States, using a quasi-experimental design and the distribution of American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) road projects in New Jersey. I find an approximate 1.5 percentage point increase in Democratic Party presidential vote share in areas close to highway and bridge expenditures. I consider two alternative mechanisms: one, a salience mechanism whereby spending and associated funded-by signage affect...
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作者：Figlio, David; Giuliano, Paola; Ozek, Umut; Sapienza, Paola
作者单位：Northwestern University; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; American Institutes for Research; Northwestern University
摘要：We study the role of Long-Term Orientation on the educational attainment of immigrant students. Controlling for the quality of schools and socioeconomic characteristics, students from long-term oriented cultures perform better in third grade reading and math, have larger test score gains over time, fewer absences and disciplinary incidents, are less likely to repeat grades, more likely to enroll in advanced high school courses, and are more likely to graduate from high school in four years. Ev...
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作者：Lovenheim, Michael F.; Willen, Alexander
作者单位：Cornell University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
摘要：We analyze how exposure to teacher collective bargaining affects long-run outcomes for students, exploiting the timing of state duty-to-bargain law passage in a cross-cohort difference-in-difference framework. Among men, exposure to a duty-to-bargain law in the first 10 years after passage depresses annual earnings by $2,134 (3.93 percent), decreases weekly hours worked by 0.42, and reduces employment and labor force participation. The earnings estimate implies that current duty-to-bargain law...
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作者：Knight, Brian; Schiff, Nathan
作者单位：Brown University; Shanghai University of Finance & Economics
摘要：Public universities typically charge MUM higher tuition to nonresidents. We first investigate the welfare implications of this tuition gap in a simple model. While the social planner does not distinguish between residents and nonresidents, state governments set higher tuition for nonresidents. The welfare gains from reducing the tuition gap can be characterized by a sufficient statistic relating out-of-state enrollment to the tuition gap. We estimate this sufficient statistic via a border disc...
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作者：Lee, Jonathan; Taylor, Laura O.
作者单位：University of North Carolina; East Carolina University; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology
摘要：The value of a statistical life (VSL) is a critical driver of estimated benefits for federal policies designed to improve human health, safety, and environmental exposures. The vast majority of empirical evidence on the magnitude of the VSL arises from hedonic wage models that have been plagued by measurement error and omitted variables. To address these limitations, this paper employs randomly assigned workplace safety inspections to instrument for plant-level risks in a quasi-experimental de...
