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作者：Bastani, Spencer; Blomquist, Soren; Micheletto, Luca
作者单位：Linnaeus University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Uppsala University; University of Milan; Bocconi University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We study child care subsidies in a Mirrleesian optimal tax framework where parents choose both the quantity and quality of child care. Child care services not only enable parents to work, but also contribute to children's human capital. We examine the conditions under which child care expenditures should be encouraged or discouraged by the tax system under different assumptions regarding the available policy instruments. Using a quantitative model calibrated to the US economy, we illustrate th...
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作者：Jappelli, Tullio; Pistaferri, Luigi
作者单位：University of Naples Federico II; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Panel data on reported marginal propensity to consume in the 2010 and 2016 Italian Survey of Household Income and Wealth uncover a strong negative relationship between cash on hand and MPC. Even though the relationship is attenuated when using regression methods that control for unobserved heterogeneity, the amount of bias is moderate. MPC estimates are used to evaluate the effectiveness of revenue-neutral fiscal policies targeting different parts of the distribution of household resources.
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作者：Cellini, Stephanie E.; Darolia, Rajeev; Turner, Lesley J.
作者单位：George Washington University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Kentucky; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We examine the effects of federal sanctions imposed on for-profit institutions in the 1990s. Using county-level variation in the timing and magnitude of sanctions linked to student loan default rates, we estimate that sanctioned for-profits experience a 68 percent decrease in annual enrollment following sanction receipt. Enrollment losses due to for-profit sanctions are 60-70 percent offset by increased enrollment within local community colleges, where students are less likely to default on fe...
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作者：Cohodes, Sarah R.
作者单位：Columbia University; Columbia University Teachers College; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：I evaluate long-run academic impacts of specialized programming for high-achieving students by analyzing Advanced Work Class (AWC), an accelerated curriculum delivered in dedicated classrooms for fourth through sixth graders in Boston Public Schools. Fuzzy regression discontinuity estimates show that AWC has positive yet imprecise impacts on test scores and improves longer-term outcomes, increasing high school graduation and college enrollment. These gains are driven by black and Latino studen...
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作者：Han, Hsing-Wen; Lien, Hsien-Ming; Yang, Tzu-Ting
作者单位：Tamkang University; National Chengchi University; Academia Sinica - Taiwan
摘要：This paper estimates the price elasticity of healthcare utilization in early childhood. We employ a regression discontinuity design by exploiting a subsidy that reduces patient cost-sharing for children under age 3 in Taiwan. Using longitudinal medical claims of over 410,000 children, we find a modest price elasticity of outpatient expenditure (e.g., -0.10 for regular outpatient care). Furthermore, increased cost-sharing at age 3 largely decreases the chance of visiting high-intensity healthca...
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作者：Bollinger, Bryan; Burkhardt, Jesse; Gillingham, Kenneth T.
作者单位：New York University; Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins; Yale University
摘要：Social interactions are widely understood to influence consumer decisions in many choice settings. This paper identifies causal peer effects in residential water conservation during the summer using variation from movers. We classify high-resolution remote sensing images to provide evidence that conversions of green landscaping to dry landscaping are a primary determinant of the reductions in water consumption. We also find suggestive evidence that without a price signal, peer effects are mute...
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作者：Watzinger, Martin; Fackler, Thomas A.; Nagler, Markus; Schnitzer, Monika
作者单位：University of Munich; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Erlangen Nuremberg
摘要：Is compulsory licensing an effective antitrust remedy to increase innovation? To answer this question, we analyze the 1956 consent decree that settled an antitrust lawsuit against Bell, a vertically integrated monopolist charged with foreclosing the telecommunications equipment market. Bell was forced to license all its existing patents royalty-free, including those not related to telecommunications. We identify the effect of the consent decree on follow-on innovations building on Bell patents...
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作者：Dieterle, Steven; Bartalotti, Otavio; Brummet, Quentin
作者单位：University of Edinburgh; Iowa State University; University of Chicago
摘要：This study documents two potential biases in recent analyses of UI benefit extensions using boundary-based identification: bias from using county-level aggregates and bias from across-border policy spillovers. lb examine the first bias, the analysis uses a regression discontinuity approach that accounts for measurement error in county-level aggregates. These results suggest much smaller effects than previous studies, casting doubt on the applicability of border-based designs. The analysis then...
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作者：Park, R. Jisung; Goodman, Joshua; Hurwitz, Michael; Smith, Jonathan
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Brandeis University; University System of Georgia; Georgia State University
摘要：We demonstrate that heat inhibits learning and that school air conditioning may mitigate this effect. Student fixed effects models using 10 million students who retook the. PSATs show that hotter school days in the years before the test was taken reduce scores, with extreme heat being particularly damaging. Weekend and summer temperatures have little impact, suggesting heat directly disrupts learning time. New nationwide, school-level measures of air conditioning penetration suggest patterns c...
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作者：Agarwal, Sumit; Amromin, Gene; Ben-David, Itzhak; Chomsisengphet, Souphala; Evanoff, Douglas D.
作者单位：National University of Singapore; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; National Bureau of Economic Research; United States Department of the Treasury; Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
摘要：This paper explores the effects of mandatory third-party review of mortgage contracts on consumer choice. The study is based on a legislative pilot carried out in Illinois in 2006, under which mortgage counseling was triggered by applicant credit scores or by their choice of risky mortgages. Low-credit score applicants for whom counselor review was mandatory did not materially alter their contract choice. Conversely, higher credit score applicants who could avoid counseling by choosing nonrisk...
