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作者：Bastian, Jacob
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick
摘要：The rise of working mothers radically changed the US economy and the role of women in society. In one of the first studies of the 1975 introduction of the Earned Income Tax Credit, I find that this program increased maternal employment by 6 percent, representing 1 million mothers and an elasticity of 0.58. The EITC may help explain why the US has long had such a high fraction of working mothers despite few childcare subsidies or parental leave policies. I also find suggestive evidence that thi...
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作者：Greenstone, Michael; Mas, Alexandre; Hoai-Luu Nguyen
作者单位：University of Chicago; Princeton University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Using comprehensive data on bank lending and establishment-level outcomes from 1997-2010, this paper finds that small business lending is an unimportant determinant of small business and overall economic activity. A shift-share style research design is implemented to predict county-level lending shocks using variation in preexisting bank market shares and bank supply shifts. Counties with negative predicted lending shocks experienced declines in small business loan originations, indicating tha...
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作者：Bertocchi, Graziella; Dimico, Arcangelo; Lancia, Francesco; Russo, Alessia
作者单位：Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); IZA Institute Labor Economics; Queens University Belfast; University of Salerno; BI Norwegian Business School
摘要：We examine the link between the political participation of the young and fiscal policies in the United States. We generate exogenous variation in participation using the passage of preregistration laws, which allow the young to register before being eligible to vote. After documenting that preregistration promotes youth enfranchisement, we show that preregistration shifts state government spending toward higher education, the type of spending for which the young have the strongest preference. ...
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作者：Kroft, Kory; Kucko, Kavan; Lehmann, Etienne; Schmieder, Johannes
作者单位：University of Toronto; Boston University; Universite Paris-Pantheon-Assas; Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+)
摘要：We derive a sufficient statistics tax formula in a model that incorporates unemployment and endogenous wages to study the shape of the optimal income tax. Key sufficient statistics are the macro employment response to taxation, the micro and macro participation response to taxation, and the wage-moderating effect of tax progressivity. We empirically implement the tax formula by estimating the micro and macro elasticities using policy variation from the United States. Our results suggest that t...
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作者：Kresch, Evan Plous
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Oberlin College
摘要：This paper documents how regulatory uncertainty may undermine public service when different levels of government share a mandate on public service provision. I examine the Brazilian water and sanitation sector, which presents a natural experiment of shared provision between state and municipal companies. Using a difference-in-differences framework, I study a legal reform that clarified the relationship between municipal and state providers and eliminated any takeover threat by state companies....
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作者：Londono-Velez, Juliana; Rodriguez, Catherine; Sanchez, Fabio
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Universidad de los Andes (Colombia)
摘要：How does financial aid affect postsecondary enrollment, college choice, and student composition? We present new evidence based on a large-scale program available to high-achieving, low-income students for attending high-quality colleges in Colombia. RD estimates show financial aid eligibility raised immediate enrollment by 56.5 to 86.5 percent, depending on the complier population. This rise, driven by matriculation at private, high-quality colleges, closed the SES enrollment gap among high ac...
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作者：Cahyadi, Nur; Hanna, Rema; Olken, Benjamin A.; Prima, Rizal Adi; Satriawan, Elan; Syamsulhakim, Ekki
作者单位：Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT)
摘要：Conditional cash transfers provide income and promote human capital investments. Yet evaluating their longitudinal impacts is hard, as most experimental evaluations treat control locations after a few years. We examine such impacts in Indonesia after six years, where the program rollout left the experiment largely intact. We find static effects on many targeted indicators: childbirth using trained professionals increased dramatically, and under-15 children not in school fell by half. We observ...
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作者：Calel, Raphael
作者单位：Georgetown University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：One important motivation for creating cap-and-trade programs for carbon emissions is the expectation that they will stimulate much-needed low-carbon innovation. I construct a new panel of British firms to investigate this hypothesis, finding that the European carbon market has encouraged greater low-carbon patenting and R&D spending among regulated firms without necessarily driving short-term reductions in carbon intensity of output. This stands in contrast to past cap-and-trade programs, whic...
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作者：Mortenson, Jacob A.; Whitten, Andrew
作者单位：United States Department of the Treasury
摘要：We explore bunching at US income tax kinks using a panel of 258 million tax returns from 1996 to 2014. We find bunching at seven kinks, with nearly all bunching occurring at kinks maximizing tax credits. In our sample period, the total number of bunchers increased at an 11 percent annualized growth rate, from 134,300 in 1996 to 866,600 in 2014. Approximately two-thirds of these bunchers locate at the unique point that maximizes refunds. Some taxpayers repeatedly bunch at this point, even in co...
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作者：Shaffer, Blake
作者单位：University of Calgary
摘要：This paper examines how consumers respond to nonlinear prices. Exploiting a natural experiment with electricity consumers in British Columbia, I find evidence that some households severely misunderstand nonlinear prices-incorrectly perceiving that the marginal price applies to all consumption, not simply the last unit. While small in number, the exaggerated responses by these households have a large effect in aggregate, masking an otherwise predominant response to average price. Largely unexpl...
