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作者：Axbard, Sebastian; Deng, Zichen
作者单位：University of London; Queen Mary University London; University of Amsterdam; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
摘要：Government regulations are often imperfectly enforced by public officials. In this study, we exploit the introduction of air pollution monitors in China to investigate whether real-time monitoring of policy outcomes affects the enforcement of existing regulations. Using assignment criteria established by the central government and new georeferenced data on local enforcement activities, we show that monitoring (i) increases enforcement against local firms, (ii) improves the targeting of enforce...
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作者：Crepon, Bruno; El Komi, Mohamed; Osman, Adam
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB); American University Cairo; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：Is the type of financial support provided to businesses more important than which businesses receive it? Loans and grants can lead to differences in optimal investments and in scope for moral hazard. We randomize 3,293 business loan applicants into receiving a loan, cash grant, in -kind grant, or nothing. All treatments equally increase income, yet there are large differences within a treatment group with impacts concentrated at the top of the distribution. Those who succeed with loans are obs...
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作者：Ash, Elliott; Chen, Daniel l.; Ornaghi, Arianna
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; Hertie School
摘要：Do gender attitudes influence interactions with female judges in US circuit courts? In this paper, we propose a judge-specific measure of gender attitudes based on use of gender-stereotyped language in the judge's authored opinions. Exploiting quasi-random assignment of judges to cases and conditioning on judges' characteristics, we validate the measure showing that higher-slant judges vote more conservatively in gender-related cases. Higher-slant judges interact differently with female collea...
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作者：Campante, Filipe; Depetris-chauvin, Emilio; Durante, Ruben
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; National University of Singapore; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We study how public anxiety over the threat of a disease outbreak can affect voter behavior by looking at the Ebola scare that hit the United States in 2014. Exploiting timing and locations of the four cases diagnosed in the country, we show that heightened concern about Ebola led to a lower Democratic vote share and lower turnout, despite no evidence of a general anti-incumbent effect (including President Obama). Voters displayed increasingly conservative attitudes on immigration, but not on ...
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作者：Akhtari, Mitra; Bau, Natalie; Laliberte, Jean-William
作者单位：Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Calgary
摘要：Though racial affirmative action (AA) policies are widespread in college admissions, evidence on their effects before college is limited. We study a US Supreme Court ruling that reinstated AA in three states. Using nationwide SAT data, we separately identify positive effects of AA for Whites and underrepresented minorities. Using Texas administrative data, we find that AA narrowed racial gaps in grades, attendance, and college applications. Improvements in minorities' precollege human capital ...
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作者：de la Parra, Brenda Samaniego; Bujanda, Leon Fernandez
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; Bank of Mexico
摘要：We estimate the effect of increasing the cost of informal jobs on formal firms' and workers' outcomes. We combine administrative records and household surveys and exploit exogenous variation in the cost of informality generated by over 480,000 random worksite ily increase the probability of being formalized at the inspected firm, but separations also rise. For formal workers, we find temporary increases in the probability of remaining formally employed at the inspected firm and in monthly wage...
