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作者：Bostwick, Valerie; Fischer, Stefanie; Lang, Matthew
作者单位：Kansas State University; Monash University; University of California System; University of California Riverside
摘要：There exists a long-standing debate in higher education on which academic calendar is optimal. Using panel data on the near universe of four-year nonprofit institutions and leveraging quasi-experimental variation in calendars across institutions and years, we show that switching from quarters to semesters negatively impacts on-time graduation rates. Event study analyses show that the negative effects persist beyond the transition. Using transcript data, we replicate this analysis at the studen...
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作者：Goldin, Jacob; Homonoff, Tatiana; Meckel, Katherine
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; New York University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：Many safety net programs issue benefits as monthly lump-sum payments. We investigate how the timing of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefit issuance affects food purchases and the incidence of the transfer. Using scanner data from a large sample of grocery stores and state and time variation in SNAP issuance schedules, we document large, SNAP-induced intramonth cycles in food expenditures. However, we find that retailers do not adjust prices based on these predictable patte...
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作者：Verho, Jouko; Hamalainen, Kari; Kanninen, Ohto
作者单位：VATT Institute for Economic Research
摘要：This paper provides evidence that replacing minimum unemployment benefits with a basic income of equal size has minor employment effects at best. We examine an experiment in Finland in which 2,000 benefit recipients were randomized to receive a monthly basic income. The experiment lowered participation tax rates by 23 percentage points for full-time employment. Despite the considerable increase in work incentives, days in employment remained statistically unchanged in the first year of the exp...
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作者：Su, Yichen
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Dallas
摘要：In recent decades, gentrification has transformed American central city neighborhoods. I estimate a spatial equilibrium model to show that the rising value of high-skilled workers' time contributes to the gentrification of American central cities. I show that the increasing value of time raises the cost of commuting and exogenously increases the demand for central locations by high-skilled workers. While change in the value of time has a modest direct effect on gentrification of central cities...
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作者：Sytsma, Tobias
作者单位：RAND Corporation
摘要：In countries where there exist limited opportunities to source inputs locally, rules of origin undermine access to preferential trade agreements for final goods exporters. I analyze the 2011 revision to the rules of origin associated with the European Union's Generalized System of Preferences, which allowed apparel producers in least developed countries to use internationally sourced textiles in exported products. Using transaction-level data on Bangladeshi apparel firms, I find that the rules...
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作者：Koster, Hans R. A.; Pinchbeck, Edward W.
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute; University of Birmingham
摘要：Despite the near ubiquity of intertemporal choice, there is little consensus on the rate at which individuals trade present and future costs and benefits. We contribute to this debate by estimating discount rates from extensive data on housing transactions and spatiotemporal variation in property taxes in England. Our findings imply long-term average net of growth nominal discount rates that are between 3 and 4 percent. The close correspondence to prevailing market interest rates gives little ...
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作者：Liu, Chenyuan; Sydnor, Justin
作者单位：Tsinghua University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：Prior research documents that there are sometimes dominated options in health plan menus, but is that common? We analyze Kaiser Family Foundation data on health plans that firms offer to their employees. For firms offering both a high-deductible and lower-deductible health plan, 62 percent of the time the high-deductible option has lower maximum spending risk for the employee. We estimate that the high-deductible plan dominates at roughly half of firms. We discuss potential mechanisms behind t...
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作者：Knight, Brian; Schiff, Nathan
作者单位：Brown University; Shanghai University of Finance & Economics
摘要：College admissions in the United States are decentralized, creating frictions that limit student choice. We study the Common Application (CA) platform, under which students submit a single application to member schools, potentially reducing frictions and increasing student choice. The CA increases the number of applications received by schools, reflecting a reduction in frictions, and reduces the yield on accepted students, reflecting increased choice. The CA increases out-of-state enrollment,...
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作者：Tazhitdinova, Alisa
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Moonlighting is increasingly popular in OECD countries, with 5 to 10 percent of workers holding two or more jobs. However, little is known about the responsiveness of moonlighting to financial incentives due to the lack of identifying variation. This paper studies a unique reform in Germany that allowed workers to hold small secondary jobs tax-free, decreasing the marginal tax rate by between 19.5 to 66 pp. 1 show that the reform resulted in a dramatic increase in moonlighting that was not off...
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作者：Laufer, Steven; Paciorek, Andrew
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors
摘要：This paper uses changes in mortgage lenders' minimum credit score thresholds to credibly identify the effects of access to household credit. Falling under these thresholds has very large negative effects on borrowing for up to two years, and these effects fail to reverse within four years. The effects are particularly concentrated among individuals who have relatively high credit demand and face relatively large contractions in credit supply. In addition, access to new mortgage credit reduces ...
