-
作者：Duggan, Mark; Gupta, Atul; Jackson, Emilie
作者单位：Stanford University; University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We exploit changes in the discontinuity in health insurance coverage at age 65 induced by the implementation of the Affordable Care Act to examine effects on coverage, hospital use, and patient health. We then link these changes to effects on hospital finances. We show that a substantial share of the federally funded Medicaid expansion substituted for existing locally funded safety net programs. Despite this offset, the expansion produced a substantial increase in hospital revenue, reflected i...
-
作者：Sanders, Nicholas J.; Barreca, Alan, I
作者单位：Cornell University; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：The Acid Rain Program (ARP) cut sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from power plants in the United States, with considerable benefits. We show this also reduced ambient sulfate levels, which lowered agriculture productivity through decreased soil sulfur. Using plant-level SO2 emissions and an atmospheric transport model, we estimate the relationship between airborne sulfate levels and yields for corn and soybeans. We estimate crop revenue losses for these two crops at around $1-$1.5 billion per ye...
-
作者：Douenne, Thomas; Fabre, Adrien
作者单位：Paris School of Economics; University of Amsterdam; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
摘要：Using a representative survey, we find that after the Yellow Vests movement, French people would largely reject a tax and dividend policy, i.e., a carbon tax whose revenues are redistributed uniformly to each adult. They overestimate their net monetary losses, wrongly think that the policy is regressive, and do not perceive it as environmentally effective. We show that changing people's beliefs can substantially increase support. Although significant, the effects of our informational treatment...
-
作者：Okunogbe, Oyebola; Pouliquen, Victor
作者单位：The World Bank; University of Oxford
摘要：Many e-government initiatives introduce technology to improve efficiency and avoid potential human bias. Using experimental variation, we examine the impact of electronic tax filing (to replace in-person submission to tax officials) using data from Tajikistan firms. E-filing reduces the time firms spend on taxes by 40 percent. Further, among firms previously more likely to evade, e-filing doubles taxes paid. Conversely, evidence suggests that e-filing reduces tax payments among firms previousl...
-
作者：Monarrez, Tomas; Kisida, Brian; Chingos, Matthew
作者单位：Urban Institute; University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia
摘要：We examine the impact of the expansion of charter schools on racial segregation in public schools, defined using multiple measures of racial sorting and isolation. Our research design utilizes between-grade differences in charter expansion within school systems and an instrumental variables approach leveraging charter school openings. Charter schools modestly increase school segregation for Black, Hispanic, Asian, and White students. On average, charters have caused a 6 percent decrease in the...
-
作者：Baron, E. Jason
作者单位：Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This study examines the impacts of two distinct types of school spending on student outcomes. State-imposed revenue limits cap the total amount of revenue that a school district in Wisconsin can raise unless the district holds a referendum asking voters to exceed the cap. Importantly, Wisconsin law requires districts to hold separate referenda for operational and capital expenditures, which allows for estimating their independent effects. Leveraging close elections in a dynamic regression disc...
