-
作者：Barnett, Michael L.; Olenski, Andrew; Sacarny, Adam
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Lehigh University; Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Efforts to raise US health-care productivity have proceeded slowly, potentially due to the fragmentation of payment across insurers. Each insurer's efforts to improve care could influence how doc-tors practice for other insurers, leading to unvalued externalities. We study a randomized letter intervention by Medicare to cur-tail overuse of antipsychotics. The letters did not mention private insurance but reduced prescribing to these patients by 12 percent, much like the 17 percent effect in Me...
-
作者：Ohrn, Eric
作者单位：Grinnell College
摘要：I analyze the effect of two corporate tax breaks, bonus depreciation and the Domestic Production Activities Deduction (DPAD), on executive compensation in publicly traded US firms. I find both tax breaks significantly increase executive compensation. For every dollar a firm benefits from the tax breaks, compensation of the firm's top five highest-paid executives increases by $0.17 to $0.25. The tax breaks increase compensation primarily in firms with weaker governance structures, suggesting th...
-
作者：Kaplan, Ethan; Saltiel, Fernando; Urzua, Sergio
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; McGill University
摘要：This paper assesses the long-term consequences of voting for democracy. We study Chile's 1988 plebiscite, which ended 15 years of dictatorship and reestablished democracy. Taking advantage of individual-level voting data, we implement an age-based regression discontinuity design comparing long-run registration and turnout rates across marginally eligible and ineligible individuals. We find plebiscite eligibility increased electoral turnout three decades later. The magnitude of the initial mobi...
-
作者：Heller, Blake h.; Mumma, Kirsten slungaard
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston; Boston University
摘要：The ability to speak and understand a host country's primary language is strongly associated with measures of immigrant integration. We estimate the causal effects of English language training for adult immigrants on participants' civic and economic outcomes using randomized enrollment lotteries from a public adult education program in Massachusetts. Participation doubles voter participation and increases annual earnings by $2,400 (56 percent). Increased tax revenue from earnings gains cover p...
-
作者：Ajzenman, Nicolas; Cavalcanti, Tiago; Da Mata, Daniel
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics; Getulio Vargas Foundation; University of Cambridge; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper investigates whether the anti-scientific rhetoric of modern populists can induce followers to engage in risky behavior. We gather electoral information, credit card expenses, and geo-localized mobile phone data for approximately 60 million devices in Brazil. After the president publicly dismissed the risks of the COVID-19 pandemic and challenged scientific recommendations, social distancing in pro-government localities declined. Consistently, credit card expenses increased immediate...
-
作者：Lalive, Rafael; Magesan, Arvind; Staubli, Stefan
作者单位：University of Lausanne; University of Calgary; University of Calgary; Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal
摘要：A reform increasing the full retirement age (FRA) by one year leads to larger than expected delays in pension claiming and retirement, while making late claiming more lucrative leads to a smaller than expected delay in pension claiming. Survey evidence shows people view the FRA as the normal retirement age and prefer to couple pension claiming and retirement decisions together, even though these two decisions are not coupled through social security provisions. Two mechanisms are at work: refer...
-
作者：Lu, Fangwen; Sun, Weizeng; Wu, Jianfeng
作者单位：Peking University; Central University of Finance & Economics; Fudan University; Fudan University
摘要：By exploiting the large quantity and rich variety of special economic zones (SEZs) in China, this study investigates how such zones affect human capital investment. Results show that SEZs significantly increase the local high school enrollment rate, but the impact varies across zone types: technology-oriented zones encourage education, while export-led zones discourage it. The increased job opportunities and wage premiums inside SEZs for employees with high school education increase high schoo...
-
作者：Blonz, Joshua A.
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors
摘要：In many settings, misaligned incentives and inadequate monitoring lead employees to take self-interested actions. This paper identifies and quantifies the costs of this principal-agent problem in the context of an energy efficiency appliance replacement program. I show that contractors (agents) hired by the electric utility (the principal) increase their compensation by intentionally misreporting program data to authorize the replacement of nonqualified refrigerators. I estimate that each unqu...
-
作者：De Walque, Damien; Valente, Christine
作者单位：The World Bank; University of Bristol
摘要：Many countries use CCTs targeted to parents to promote schooling. Attendance conditions may work through two channels: incentiviza-tion and information. If children have private information, (i) pro-viding attendance information to parents may increase attendance inexpensively relative to CCTs and (ii) it may be more effective to incentivize children, who have full information, than parents. Tackling both questions in a unified experimental setting, we find that information alone improves pare...
-
作者：Agha, Leila; Ericson, Keith Marzilli; Zhao, Xiaoxi
作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research; Boston University; Boston University
摘要：We measure organizational concentration-the distribution of a patient's health care across organizations-to examine how firm boundaries affect health care efficiency. First, when patients move to regions where outpatient visits are typically concentrated within a small set of firms, their health care utilization falls. Second, for patients whose primary care providers (PCPs) exit the market, switching to a PCP with 1 standard deviation higher organizational concentration reduces utilization by...
