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作者：Aladangady, Aditya; Aron-Dine, Shifrah; Cashin, David; Dunn, Wendy; Feiveson, Laura; Lengermann, Paul; Richard, Katherine; Sahm, Claudia
作者单位：Stanford University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：This study explores the spending response to tax refunds for Earned Income Tax Credit recipients using a novel dataset combining transaction-based measures of retail spending with administrative IRS data on tax refunds. Our dataset allows us to exploit variation in the timing of EITC refunds, including changes related to the 2017 PATH Act, along with cross-state differences in refund magnitudes to identify spending responses. Results show EITC recipients spend about $0.30 per refund dollar ($1...
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作者：Schmacker, Renke; Smed, Sinne
作者单位：University of Lausanne; University of Copenhagen
摘要：According to theory , sin taxes are welfare improving if consumers with low self-control respond at least as much to the tax as con-sumers with high self-control. We investigate empirically if demand response to soft drink and fat tax variations in Denmark depends on consumers' self-control. We use a unique home-scan panel that includes a survey measure of self-control. When taxes increase , con-sumers with low self-control reduce purchases less strongly than consumers with high self-control. ...
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作者：Deneault, Christa
作者单位：Cornell University
摘要：I estimate the impact of a Louisiana state policy that mandated Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) applications as a high school graduation requirement. I find significant increases in FAFSA completion rates (19 percentage points), and my estimates imply an increase of 1-2 percentage points in college enrollment. There is suggestive evidence that these effects were more concentrated among lower-income students/schools, and merit-based state financial aid applications also increas...
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作者：Bagues, Manuel; Roth, Christopher
作者单位：University of Warwick; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Cologne; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Max Planck Society
摘要：We study the long-run effects of contact with individuals from other regions in early adulthood on preferences, beliefs, and national identity. We combine a natural experiment, the random assignment of male conscripts to different locations throughout Spain, with tailored survey data. Being randomly assigned to complete military service outside of one's region of residence fosters contact with conscripts from other regions and increases sympathy and trust toward people from the region of servi...
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作者：Traeger, Christian P.
作者单位：University of Oslo; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：I study optimal carbon taxation in an analytic quantitative integrated assessment model (IAM) that links IAM components, parametric assumptions , calibration approaches directly to their policy impacts. I show how temperature's tax impact differs from that of previously analytically modeled carbon dynamics. Novel to analytic IAMs are a general economy, energy sectors including capital, vary-ing degrees of substitutability across energy sources, an approxi-mation of capital persistence, objecti...
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作者：Frakes, Michael D.; Wasserman, Melissa F.
作者单位：Duke University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：We explore how the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office may improve the quality of issued patents on secondary drug features by giving examiners more time to review drug patent applications. Our findings suggest that current time allocations are causing examiners to issue low-quality secondary patents on the margin. To assess the merits of expanding ex ante scrutiny of drug patent applications at the agency, we set forth estimates of the various gains and losses associated with giving examiners mo...
