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作者：Butler, Jeff; Giuliano, Paola; Guiso, Luigi
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE); University of Nevada Las Vegas
摘要：When we take a taxi we may feel cheated if the driver takes an unnecessarily long route despite the lack of a contract to take the shortest possible path. Is the behaviour of the driver affected by beliefs about our cheating notions? We address this question in the context of a trust game. We find that both parties to a trust exchange have personal notions of cheating and that these notions have a bimodal distribution. We conceptualise cheating notions as moral expectations, which provide a mi...
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作者：Gneezy, Uri; Leibbrandt, Andreas; List, John A.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Amsterdam; Monash University; University of Chicago
摘要：The functioning and well-being of any society and organisation hinges on norms of cooperation that regulate social activities. There is no empirical evidence on how such norms emerge and in which environments they thrive remains a clear void in the literature. We compare behaviour in Brazilian fishermen societies that differ in the workplace organisation. In one society (by the sea), fishermen are forced to work in groups, whereas in the adjacent society (on a lake) fishing is inherently an in...
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作者：Akcomak, I. Semih; Webbink, Dinand; ter Weel, Bas
作者单位：CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy; Middle East Technical University; Middle East Technical University; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Maastricht University
摘要：This research establishes a link between the Brethren of the Common Life (BCL), a religious community founded by Geert Groote in Deventer in the late fourteenth century, and the early economic development of the Netherlands. The BCL stimulated human capital accumulation. The historical analyses show that the BCL contributed to the high rates of literacy, to the high level of book production and to city growth in the Netherlands. These findings are supported by a set of OLS regressions and furt...
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作者：Ambec, Stefan; Ehlers, Lars
作者单位：INRAE; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; University of Gothenburg; Universite de Montreal
摘要：We consider the problem of regulating an economy with environmental pollution. We examine the distributional impact of the polluter-pays (PP) principle which requires that any agent compensates all other agents for the damages caused by his or her (pollution) emissions. With constant marginal damages we show that regulation via the PP principle leads to the unique welfare distribution that induces non-negative individual welfare change and renders each agent responsible for his or her pollutio...
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作者：Nigai, Sergey
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：I develop a multi-country, multi-industry model of trade that features heterogeneous consumers with non-homothetic preferences. I use the model to quantify the measurement errors in the welfare gains estimates caused by the assumption of a representative consumer (ARC). First, I reduce the world level of all trade costs by 15% and find that ARC overestimates (underestimates) the gains of the poor (rich) by up to 5 (11) percentage points. Second, I eliminate import tariffs around the globe and ...
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作者：Dalgaard, Carl-Johan; Strulik, Holger
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; University of Gottingen
摘要：We hypothesise that the timing of the fertility transition is an important determinant of comparative physiological development. In support, we provide a model of long-run growth that elucidates the links between population size, average body size and income during development. Industrialisation is shown to be accompanied by a reduction in family size and an intensification of nutrition per child. Early transition countries are therefore expected to be more developed today, economically and ph...
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作者：Porter, Maria; Adams, Abi
作者单位：Michigan State University; University of Oxford; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Understanding the motivations behind intergenerational transfers is an important and active research area in economics. The existence and responsiveness of familial transfers have consequences for the design of intra and intergenerational redistributive programmes, particularly as such programmes may crowd out private transfers amongst altruistic family members. Yet, despite theoretical and empirical advances in this area, significant gaps in our knowledge remain. In this article, we advance t...
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作者：Blonigen, Bruce A.
作者单位：University of Oregon; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Industrial policies (IPs) are commonly used by countries to promote targeted sectors but may have significant impacts on downstream sectors. Using a new hand-collected database of steel-sector IP use in major steel-producing countries, I find that IP use is quite harmful to downstream sectors. A 1 standard deviation increase in steel IP presence leads to a 1.2% decline in export competitiveness for the average downstream manufacturing sector in the first few years of its application, and a 6% ...
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作者：Algan, Yann; Cahuc, Pierre; Sangnier, Marc
作者单位：Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole Polytechnique; ENSAE Paris; Aix-Marseille Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：We show the existence of a twin peaks relation between trust and the size of the welfare state that stems from two opposing forces. Uncivic people support large welfare states because they expect to benefit from them without bearing their costs. But civic individuals support generous benefits and high taxes only when they are surrounded by trustworthy individuals. We provide empirical evidence for these behaviours and this twin peaks relation in the OECD countries.
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作者：Butler, Jeffrey V.
摘要：I present experimental evidence for a novel mechanism yielding inequality persistence. Just world beliefs research suggests that individuals believe they merit unequal treatment they experience. Merit depends on ability and effort so that disadvantage (advantage) may undermine (bolster) confidence in own relative ability. Because decisions determining economic success rely on such beliefs (e.g. competitiveness), inequality may self-perpetuate. In multiple experiments, I randomly assign unequal...
