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作者：Dalton, Patricio S.; Ghosal, Sayantan; Mani, Anandi
作者单位：Tilburg University; University of Glasgow; University of Warwick
摘要：We develop a theoretical framework to study the psychology of poverty and aspirations failure', defined as the failure to aspire to one's own potential. In our framework, rich and the poor persons share the same preferences and same behavioural bias in setting aspirations. We show that poverty can exacerbate the effects of this behavioural bias leading to aspirations failure and hence, a behavioural poverty trap. Aspirations failure is a consequence of poverty, rather than a cause. We specify ...
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作者：Dincecco, Mark; Katz, Gabriel
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Exeter
摘要：We present new evidence about the long-run relationship between state capacity - the fiscal and administrative power of states - and economic performance. Our database is novel and spans 11 European countries and four centuries from the Old Regime to World War I. We argue that national governments undertook two political transformations over this period: fiscal centralisation and limited government. We find a significant direct relationship between fiscal centralisation and economic growth. Fu...
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作者：Del Bono, Emilia; Francesconi, Marco; Kelly, Yvonne; Sacker, Amanda
作者单位：University of Essex; University of Bergen; University of Essex; University of London; University College London
摘要：Using large longitudinal survey data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study, this article estimates the relationship between maternal time inputs and early child development. We find that maternal time is a quantitatively important determinant of skill formation and that its effect declines with child age. There is evidence of long-term effects of early maternal time inputs on later outcomes, especially in the case of cognitive skill development. In the case of non-cognitive development, the evid...
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作者：Dickson, Matt; Gregg, Paul; Robinson, Harriet
作者单位：University of Bath; University of Bristol
摘要：We estimate the causal effect of parents' education on their children's education and examine the timing of the impact. We identify the causal effect by exploiting the exogenous shift in (parents') education levels induced by the 1972 minimum school leaving age reform in England. Increasing parental education has a positive causal effect on children's outcomes that is evident in preschool assessments at age 4 and continues to be visible up to and including high-stakes examinations taken at age...
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作者：Bonhomme, Stephane; Jolivet, Gregory; Leuven, Edwin
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Bristol; University of Oslo; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Statistics Norway
摘要：Job characteristics can affect worker turnover through their effect on utility and through their effect on outside job opportunities. The aim of this study is to identify and estimate the roles of these two channels separately. Our method exploits information on job changes, and relies on an augmented sample selection correction. To illustrate our approach, we use an exhaustive register of Dutch primary school teachers and show a detailed picture of preferences for school characteristics. We a...
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作者：Keane, Michael P.; Wasi, Nada
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of New South Wales Sydney; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：We specify and estimate a life-cycle labour supply model that expands on earlier work by simultaneously including human capital accumulation, saving and bequests, an active extensive margin, a realistic specification of the progressive tax structure and the Social Security system, and an accounting for private pensions and health expenditures. By incorporating all these features, we develop new insights into how taxes affect life-cycle labour supply. For instance, we find that labour supply el...
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作者：Ketel, Nadine; Linde, Jona; Oosterbeek, Hessel; van der Klaauw, Bas
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute; University of Amsterdam
摘要：This article reports on a field experiment testing for sunk-cost effects in an education setting. Students signing up for extra-curricular tutorial sessions randomly received a discount on the tuition fee. The sunk-cost effect predicts that students who pay more will attend more tutorial sessions, with possibly beneficial effects on their performance. For our full sample, we find no support for this hypothesis, neither on attendance nor on performance. Results are consistent with a sunk-cost e...
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作者：Lendle, Andreas; Olarreaga, Marcelo; Schropp, Simon; Vezina, Pierre-Louis
作者单位：University of Birmingham; University of Geneva; University of Birmingham
摘要：We compare the effect of geographic distance on eBay and total international trade flows. We consider the same 61 countries and basket of goods for both types of transactions. We find the effect of distance to be on average 65% smaller on eBay. We argue this difference is due to a reduction in search costs; it increases with product differentiation and is higher when trade partners speak different languages, when corruption in the exporting country is high and when uncertainty avoidance is hig...
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作者：Cavalcanti, Tiago; Tavares, Jose
作者单位：University of Cambridge; Getulio Vargas Foundation; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We use a growth model in which saving, fertility and labour market participation are endogenous, to quantify the cost that barriers to female labour force participation impose in terms of an economy's output. The model is calibrated to mimic the US economy's behaviour in the long-run. We find that a 50% increase in the gender wage gap leads to a 35% decrease in income per capita in the steady state. Using independent estimates of the female to male earnings ratio for a wide cross-section of co...
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作者：Hirshleifer, Sarojini; McKenzie, David; Almeida, Rita; Ridao-Cano, Cristobal
作者单位：The World Bank; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：We use a randomised experiment to evaluate Turkey's vocational training programmes for the unemployed. A detailed follow-up survey of a large sample with low attrition enables precise estimation of treatment impacts and their heterogeneity. The average impact of training on employment is positive but close to zero and statistically insignificant, which is much lower than programme officials and applicants expected. Over the first year, training had statistically significant effects on the qual...
