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作者：Lombardi, Michele; Miyagishima, Kaname; Veneziani, Roberto
作者单位：University of London; Queen Mary University London; University of Glasgow; Waseda University
摘要：We analyse the implications of classical liberal and libertarian approaches for distributive justice in the context of social welfare orderings. We study an axiom capturing a liberal non-interfering view of society, the Weak Harm Principle, whose roots can be traced back to John Stuart Mill. We show that liberal views of individual autonomy and freedom can provide consistent foundations for welfare judgements. In particular, a liberal non-interfering approach can help to adjudicate some fundam...
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作者：Challe, Edouard; Ragot, Xavier
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole Polytechnique; European Central Bank; Bank of France; Paris School of Economics
摘要：We study the macroeconomic implications of time-varying precautionary savings within a general equilibrium model with borrowing constraints, aggregate shocks and uninsurable idiosyncratic unemployment risk. Our framework generates limited cross-sectional household heterogeneity as an equilibrium outcome, thereby making it possible to analyse the role of precautionary saving over the business cycle in an analytically tractable way. The time-series behaviour of aggregate consumption generated by...
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作者：Colciago, Andrea
作者单位：European Central Bank; De Nederlandsche Bank NV; University of Milano-Bicocca
摘要：This article provides optimal labour and dividend income taxation in a general equilibrium model with oligopolistic competition and endogenous firms' entry. In the long run, the optimal dividend income tax corrects for inefficient entry. The dividend income tax depends on the form of competition and the nature of the sunk entry costs. In particular, it is higher in market structures characterised by competition in quantities rather than those characterised by price competition. Oligopolistic c...
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作者：Carneiro, Pedro; Ginja, Rita
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University College London; Uppsala University
摘要：This article studies the impact of permanent and transitory shocks to income on parental investments in children. We use panel data on family income and an index of investments in children, from the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. We find that there is partial insurance of parental investments against permanent income shocks but the magnitude of the estimated responses is small. We cannot reject the hypothesis of full insurance against temporary shocks. Another interpret...
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作者：Fergusson, Leopoldo; Robinson, James A.; Torvik, Ragnar; Vargas, Juan F.
作者单位：Universidad de los Andes (Colombia); Harvard University; Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU)
摘要：We develop a model where some politicians have an edge in undertaking a task and this gives them electoral advantage, creating an incentive to underperform in the task. We test the empirical implications in the context of fighting against insurgents, using Colombian data. The main prediction is that large defeats for the insurgents reduce the probability that these politicians fight them, especially in electorally salient places. We find that after the largest victories against FARC rebels, th...
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作者：Leuven, Edwin; Ronning, Marte
作者单位：Statistics Norway; University of Oslo
摘要：This article exploits discontinuous grade mixing rules in Norwegian junior high schools to estimate how classroom grade composition affects pupil achievement. Pupils in mixed grade classrooms are found to outperform pupils in single grade classrooms. This finding is driven by pupils benefiting from sharing the classroom with more mature peers from higher grades. The presence of lower grade peers is detrimental for achievement. Pupils can, therefore, benefit from de-tracking by grade but the ef...
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作者：Blanden, Jo; Del Bono, Emilia; McNally, Sandra; Rabe, Birgitta
作者单位：University of Essex; University of Surrey; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Bergen
摘要：This article studies the effect of free pre-school education on child outcomes in primary school. We exploit the staggered implementation of free part-time pre-school for three year olds across Local Education Authorities in England in the early 2000s. The policy led to small improvements in attainment at age 5, with no apparent benefits by age 11. We argue that this is because the expansion of free places largely crowded out privately paid care, with small changes in total participation, and ...
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作者：Conti, Gabriella; Heckman, James J.; Pinto, Rodrigo
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of Chicago; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：This article examines the long-term impacts on health and healthy behaviour of two of the oldest and most widely cited US early childhood interventions evaluated by the method of randomisation with long-term follow-up: the Perry Preschool Project (PPP) and the Carolina Abecedarian Project (ABC). There are pronounced gender effects strongly favouring boys, although there are also effects for girls. Dynamic mediation analyses show a significant role played by improved childhood traits, above and...
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作者：Dustmann, Christian; Fasani, Francesco
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of London; Queen Mary University London
摘要：This study analyses the effect of local crime rates on residents' mental health. Using longitudinal information on individuals' mental well-being, we address the problem of sorting and endogenous moving behaviour. We find that crime causes considerable mental distress for residents, primarily driven by property crime. Effects are stronger for females, and mainly related to depression and anxiety. The distress caused by one SD increase in local crime is 2-4 times larger than that caused by a 1 ...
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作者：Joensen, Juanna Schroter; Nielsen, Helena Skyt
作者单位：Aarhus University
摘要：We exploit an institutional reduction in the costs of acquiring advanced high school mathematics to assess the causes and consequences of fewer girls choosing advanced mathematics. Girls at the top and boys at the middle of the mathematics ability distribution took more mathematics because of the cost reduction. We estimate a positive average earnings effect encompassing girls completing more advanced and more mathematics intensive college degrees, choosing more competitive careers and climbin...
