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作者：Fumagalli, Elena; Fumagalli, Laura
作者单位：University of Essex
摘要：We analyse how neighbourhood ethnic diversity and segregation affect adolescents' social participation in England. We distinguish between participation in 'purposeful activities'-such as sports and volunteering-and hanging around with friends. We suggest a novel identification strategy to address the problem of endogeneity of ethnic diversity and segregation. We find that ethnic diversity decreases hanging around, while ethnic segregation increases it. No effects on participation in purposeful...
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作者：Bakker, Gerben; Crafts, Nicholas; Woltjer, Pieter
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Warwick; University of Groningen
摘要：We develop new aggregate total factor productivity (TFP) growth estimates for the USA between 1899 and 1941, and sectoral estimates at the most disaggregated level so far, 38 industries. We include hard-to-measure services, and a refined measure of sectoral labour quality growth. The resulting data set supersedes Kendrick (1961), showing TFP growth lower than previously thought, broadly based across industries, and strongly variant intertemporally. The four 'great inventions' that Gordon (2016...
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作者：Bentzen, Jeanet Sinding
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：Religious beliefs potentially influence individual behaviour. But why are some societies more religious than others? One possible answer is religious coping: individuals turn to religion to deal with unbearable and unpredictable life events. To investigate whether coping can explain global differences in religiosity, I combine a global dataset on individual-level religiosity with spatial data on natural disasters. Individuals become more religious if an earthquake recently hit close by. Even t...
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作者：Freeman, David J.
作者单位：Simon Fraser University
摘要：This article characterises the behavioural content of a model of choice under risk with reference-dependent preferences and endogenous expectations-based reference points based on the preferred personal equilibrium model of Koszegi and Rabin (2006). The combination of reference-dependent preferences and endogenous reference points leads to violations of the Independence Axiom and can also lead to violations of the Weak Axiom of Revealed Preference. An axiomatic characterisation shows that the ...
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作者：Flabbi, Luca; Macis, Mario; Moro, Andrea; Schivardi, Fabiano
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Johns Hopkins University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Vanderbilt University; Universita Ca Foscari Venezia; Luiss Guido Carli University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：We investigate the effects of female executives on gender-specific wage distributions and firm performance. Female leadership has a positive impact at the top of the female wage distribution and a negative impact at the bottom. The impact of female leadership on firm performance increases with the share of female workers. We account for the endogeneity induced by non-random executives' gender by including firm fixed-effects, by generating controls from a two-way fixed-effects regression and by...
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作者：Hu, Audrey; Matthews, Steven A.; Zou, Liang
作者单位：City University of Hong Kong; University of Pennsylvania; University of Amsterdam
摘要：A standard result in auction theory is that a seller's profit-maximising reserve price is no less than his own value for the good. In practice, however, reserve prices often appear to be less than sellers' values. This article revisits the theory of optimal reserves in the context of second-price auctions. The main result is that an optimal reserve is less than the seller's value if the bidders are sufficiently risk averse and if their values are sufficiently interdependent. The resulting outc...
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作者：Perroni, Carlo; Pogrebna, Ganna; Sandford, Sarah; Scharf, Kimberley
作者单位：University of Warwick; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Birmingham; Alan Turing Institute; ESSEC Business School; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：We study contestability in charity markets where non-commercial, not-for-profit providers supply a homogeneous collective good through increasing-returns-to-scale technologies. Unlike in the case of for-profit competition, the absence of price-based sales contracts for charities means that fixed costs can translate into entry barriers, protecting the position of an inefficient incumbent; or, conversely, they can make it possible for inefficient newcomers to contest the position of a more effic...
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作者：Christelis, Dimitris; Georgarakos, Dimitris; Jappelli, Tullio; Pistaferri, Luigi; van Rooij, Maarten
作者单位：University of Naples Federico II; Tilburg University; European Central Bank; University of Naples Federico II; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University; European Central Bank; De Nederlandsche Bank NV
摘要：We use the responses of a representative sample of Dutch households to survey questions that ask how much their consumption would change in response to unexpected, transitory income shocks (positive or negative). The questionnaire also distinguishes between relatively small income changes (a one-month increase or drop in income), and relatively larger ones (equal to three-months' income). The results are broadly in line with models of intertemporal choice with precautionary saving, borrowing c...
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作者：Ekinci, Emre; Kauhanen, Antti; Waldman, Michael
作者单位：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; University of Jyvaskyla; Cornell University
摘要：Standard models of promotion tournaments do not distinguish between wages and bonuses and thus cannot explain variation in the use of bonuses. We combine classic and market-based tournament theories to develop a model in which wages and bonuses serve distinctly different roles. We use this model to derive testable predictions which we test employing both a single firm data set and a data set encompassing a large segment of the Finnish economy. Our empirical analysis supports the testable predi...
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作者：Hjalmarsson, Randi; Lindquist, Matthew J.
作者单位：University of Gothenburg; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Stockholm University
摘要：We study the causal effect of mandatory military conscription in Sweden on the criminal behaviour of men born in the 1970s. We find that military service significantly increases post-service crime (overall and across multiple crime categories) between the ages of 23 and 30. These results are driven primarily by young men who come from low socioeconomic status households and those with pre-service criminal histories, despite evidence of a contemporaneous incapacitation effect of service for the...
