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作者：Botticini, Maristella; Eckstein, Zvi; Vaturi, Anat
作者单位：Bocconi University; Bocconi University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Reichman University; Tel Aviv University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Haifa
摘要：Economists increasingly highlight the role that human capital formation, institutions and cultural transmission may play in shaping health, knowledge and wealth. We study one of the most remarkable instances in which religious norms and childcare practices had a major impact: the history of the Jews in central and eastern Europe from 1500 to 1930. We show that while birth rates were about the same, infant and child mortality among Jews was much lower and accounted for the main difference in Je...
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作者：Schlosser, Analia; Neeman, Zvika; Attali, Yigal
作者单位：Tel Aviv University; Educational Testing Service (ETS)
摘要：We study how different demographic groups respond to incentives by comparing their performance in 'high' and 'low' stakes situations. The high stakes situation is the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), and the low stakes situation is a voluntary experimental section of the GRE. We find that males exhibit a larger drop in performance between the high and low stakes examinations than females, and that whites exhibit a larger drop in performance than minorities. Differences between high and low s...
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作者：Born, Alexandra; Enders, Zeno
作者单位：European Central Bank; Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We employ a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model to investigate the transmission of the global financial crisis via the collapse of export demand (trade channel) and through losses on cross-border asset holdings (financial channel). Calibrated to German data, the model predicts the trade channel to be twice as important as the financial channel. In the United Kingdom, the latter dominates due to higher foreign-asset holdings, which, at the same time, serve as an automatic stabiliser in...
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作者：Li, Xing; Liu, Chong; Weng, Xi; Zhou, Li-An
作者单位：Peking University
摘要：Motivated by the prevalence of economic targets at all levels of territory administration in China, this article proposes a Tullock contest model to study optimal target setting in a multi-layered tournament-based organisation. In our model, targets are used by upper-level officials to convey the importance of economic growth and incentivise subordinates in the tournaments. Our model predicts a top-down amplification of economic growth targets along the jurisdiction levels, which explains the ...
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作者：Wang, Wei; Suen, Richard M. H.
作者单位：Jinan University; University of Leicester
摘要：Is a more heterogeneous population beneficial or harmful to long-term economic performance? This article addresses this and other questions in a dynamic general equilibrium model where consumers differ in their labour productivity and time preference. We show how differences in the cross-sectional distribution of these characteristics can affect the economy via two channels. The first one involves changing the composition of the labour force; and the second one involves changing the cross-sect...
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作者：Fisher, Hayley; Zhu, Anna
作者单位：University of Sydney; University of Queensland; ARC Centre of Excellence for Children & Families Over the Life Course; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT)
摘要：This article examines how a reduction in the financial resources available to lone parents affects repartnering. We exploit an Australian natural experiment that reduced the financial resources available to a subset of separating parents. Using biweekly administrative data capturing separations occurring among low- and middle- income couples, we show that the policy reform significantly increased the speed of repartnering for affected separating mothers. The results demonstrate that one way th...
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作者：Ding, Tingting; Schotter, Andrew
作者单位：New York University; Shanghai University of Finance & Economics
摘要：While the mechanisms that economists design are typically static, one-shot games, in the real world, mechanisms are used repeatedly by generations of agents who engage in them for a short period of time and then pass on advice to their successors. Hence, behaviour evolves via social learning and may diverge dramatically from that envisioned by the designer. We demonstrate that this is true of school matching mechanisms-even those for which truth-telling is a dominant strategy. Our results indi...
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作者：Feigenberg, Benjamin; Yan, Rui; Rivkin, Steven
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Chile implemented a targeted voucher programme in 2008 that increased funding for disadvantaged students at public and participating private schools by approximately 50%. This reform would be expected to raise average achievement in participating schools and to reduce the achievement gap related to socioeconomic status, and disadvantaged students did make fourth-grade test-score gains exceeding 0.2 standard deviations that other studies have attributed to the programme. However, we find only s...
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作者：Born, Benjamin; Mueller, Gernot J.; Schularick, Moritz; Sedlacek, Petr
作者单位：Frankfurt School Finance & Management; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; University of Bonn; University of Oxford
摘要：Economic nationalism is on the rise, but at what cost? We study this question using the unexpected outcome of the Brexit referendum vote as a natural macroeconomic experiment. Employing synthetic control methods, we first show that the Brexit vote has caused a UK output loss of 1.7% to 2.5% by year-end 2018. An expectations-augmented VAR suggests that these costs are, to a large extent, driven by a downward revision of growth expectations in response to the vote. Linking quasi-experimental ide...
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作者：Humphries, Jane; Weisdorf, Jacob
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Southern Denmark; Sapienza University Rome; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Estimates of historical workers' annual incomes suffer from the fundamental problem that they are inferred from day wage rates without knowing how many days of work day-labourers undertook per year. We circumvent the problem by building an income series based on the payments made to workers employed by the year rather than by the day. Our data suggest that earlier annual income estimates based on day wages overestimate medieval labour incomes but underestimate labour incomes during the Industr...
