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作者：Gokmen, Gunes; Nannicini, Tommaso; Onorato, Massimiliano Gaetano; Papageorgiou, Chris
作者单位：Bocconi University; Lund University; Bocconi University; University of Bologna; International Monetary Fund
摘要：It is argued that crises open up a window of opportunity to implement policies that otherwise would not have the necessary political backing. We show that not only is the crises-reforms nexus unfounded in the data, but rather crises are associated with a reversal of liberalisation interventions depending on the institutional environment. We find that, in democratic countries, crises occurrences have no significant impact on liberalisation measures. On the contrary, after a crisis, autocracies ...
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作者：Alesina, Alberto; Giuliano, Paola; Reich, Bryony
作者单位：Harvard University; Bocconi University; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Northwestern University
摘要：Democracies and dictatorships have different incentives when it comes to choosing how much and by what means to homogenise the population, i.e., 'to build a nation'. We study and compare nation-building policies under the transition from dictatorship to democracy in a model where the type of government and borders of the country are endogenous. We find that the threat of democratisation provides the strongest incentive to homogenise. We focus upon a specific nation-building policy: mass primar...
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作者：Marx, Benjamin; Pons, Vincent; Suri, Tavneet
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：In a large-scale randomised experiment implemented with Kenya's Electoral Commission, text messages intended to mobilise voters boosted electoral participation. However, the messages also decreased trust in electoral institutions after the election. This decrease was stronger for individuals on the losing side and in areas that experienced election-related violence. We hypothesise that the mobilisation campaign backfired because the Electoral Commission promised a transparent and orderly elect...
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作者：Richter, Michael; Rubinstein, Ariel
作者单位：University of London; Tel Aviv University; New York University
摘要：Each member of a group chooses a position and has preferences regarding his chosen position. The group's harmony depends on the profile of chosen positions meeting a specific condition. We analyse a solution concept (Richter and Rubinstein, 2020) based on a permissible set of individual positions, which plays a role analogous to that of prices in competitive equilibrium. Given the permissible set, members choose their most preferred position. The set is tightened if the chosen positions are in...
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作者：Bicakova, Alena; Cortes, Guido Matias; Mazza, Jacopo
作者单位：Charles University Prague; Czech Academy of Sciences; Economics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences; York University - Canada; University of Essex
摘要：We show that cohorts of male graduates who start college during worse economic times earn higher average wages than those who start during better times. This is not explained by differences in selection into employment, economic conditions at graduation, or field of study choices. Graduates who enrol in bad times are not more positively selected based on their high-school outcomes, but they achieve higher college grades and earn higher wages conditional on their grades. Patterns for female gra...
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作者：Barro, Robert J.
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：The national-income accounts double-count investment, which enters once when it occurs and again in present value as rental income on added capital. The double counting implies that GDP and national income overstate sustainable consumption. An alternative measure, 'permanent income', equals consumption in the steady state but deviates from consumption outside of the steady state because expensing of gross investment applies to the long-run flow, not the current value. The permanent-income pers...
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作者：Breunig, Christoph; Huck, Steffen; Schmidt, Tobias; Weizsaecker, Georg
作者单位：Emory University; Humboldt University of Berlin
摘要：We study an investment experiment with a representative sample of German households. Respondents invest in a safe asset and a risky asset whose return is tied to the German stock market. Experimental investments correlate with beliefs about stock market returns and exhibit desirable external validity at least in one respect: they predict real-life stock market participation. But many households are unresponsive to an exogenous increase in the risky asset's return. The data analysis and a serie...
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作者：Coffey, Diane; Spears, Dean
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：We document a novel fact about neonatal death, or death in the first month of life. Globally, neonatal mortality is disproportionately concentrated in India. We identify a large effect of birth order on neonatal mortality that is unique to India: later-born siblings have a steep survival advantage relative to the birth-order gradient in other developing countries. We show that India's high prevalence of maternal undernutrition and its correlation with age and childbearing can explain this patt...
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作者：Galeotti, Fabio; Maggian, Valeria; Villeval, Marie Claire
作者单位：Universita Ca Foscari Venezia
摘要：The impact of deterrence institutions beyond their immediate scope of application is unknown. Using a quasi-experiment with naturally occurring variation in inspections, we found evidence of spillover effects across contexts. We identified fraudsters and non-fraudsters on public transport who were or not exposed to ticket inspections. We measured the intrinsic honesty of the same persons in a new context where they could misappropriate money. Instead of having an educative effect across contex...
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作者：Perez, Santiago
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：Argentina and the United States were the principal destinations for Italian immigrants during the Age of Mass Migration. I assemble data following Italians from passenger lists to censuses in Argentina and the United States, enabling me to compare the economic outcomes of migrants with similar pre-migration characteristics but who moved to different countries. Italians assimilated faster in Argentina, and this advantage was unlikely to be due to selection. A higher human capital relative to na...
