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作者：Borbely, Daniel; Mckenzie, Ross
作者单位：Queens University Belfast; University of Dundee
摘要：We investigate the effects of forced migration on sending economies using the post-WW2 expulsion of German minorities from Hungary as a natural experiment. We combine historical and contemporary data sources show that the forced migrations led to lasting reductions in economic activity. Plausible mechanisms driving this result appear to be sectoral change (shift towards agriculture) and skills differences between Germans and the settlers that replaced them. Our analysis reveals that forced mig...
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作者：Zhang, Hongliang; Assaad, Ragui
作者单位：Zhejiang University; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：In socially conservative Muslim societies, the absence of a sex -appropriate school in one's community has historically been a major constraint to girls' schooling. We use the expansion of access to girls' or mixed schools in Jordan to investigate the effects of access to school on women's education and fertility. We find that having access to a sex -appropriate school in a woman's sub -district of birth led to 3.0-3.4 additional years of schooling and 1.0-1.4 fewer births. Using access to gir...
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作者：Chakravorty, Bhaskar; Arulampalam, Wiji; Bhatiya, Apurav Yash; Imbert, Clement; Rathelot, Roland
作者单位：University of Warwick; University of Birmingham; Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris
摘要：We use a randomized experiment to evaluate the impact of providing richer information about prospective jobs to vocational trainees on their employment outcomes. The setting of the study is the vocational training program DDU-GKY in India. We find that including in the training two information sessions about placement opportunities make trainees 18% more likely to stay in the jobs in which they are placed. We provide suggestive evidence that the effect is driven by improved selection into trai...
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作者：Uras, Burak R.; Wang, Ping
作者单位：Williams College; Tilburg University; Washington University (WUSTL); Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - St. Louis; National Bureau of Economic Research; Williams College
摘要：We study misallocation and sectoral productivity in a heterogeneous firms model with generalized production. Different from neo-classical models of production, our model endogenizes production -techniques and introduces firm -specific technique -distortions alongside factor- and scale -dependent distortions. Applying this micro -founded framework to firm -level data (US, China and India), we quantify that, for a broad range of manufacturing industry clusters, technique distortions generate mor...
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作者：Brugues, Felipe; Brugues, Javier; Giambra, Samuele
作者单位：Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico; Charles River Associates; Amazon.com
摘要：We use new administrative data from Ecuador to study the welfare effects of the misallocation of procurement contracts caused by political connections. We show that firms that form links with the bureaucracy through their shareholders experience an increased probability of being awarded a government contract. We develop a novel sufficient statistic - the average gap in revenue productivity and capital share of revenue - to measure the efficiency effects, in terms of input utilization, of polit...
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作者：Gulek, Ahmet
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：I study the impact of hunger on traffic accidents by exploiting the fasting that is religiously mandated during the month of Ramadan. Identification comes from working hours not being adjusted during Ramadan in Turkey. I find that driving while fasting at rush hour is associated with a significant increase in road traffic accidents. Using existing survey evidence on fasting rates in Turkey, I conclude that hunger induced by fasting increases the probability of an accident by 25%, which is smal...
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作者：Ma, Chao; Zhang, Shuoxun
作者单位：Xiamen University; Xiamen University; Sichuan University
摘要：We show that house price appreciation elevates financial institutions' financing costs because it can make households invest more in houses and invest less in or require higher returns on other assets. For identification, we employ the unique feature of wealth management products (WMPs, the largest component of China's shadow-banking sector) that the issuing markets are local whereas the markets of some products' underlying assets are national. Stocks, bonds, and deposits do not possess this f...
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作者：Gust, Sarah; Hanushek, Eric A.; Woessmann, Ludger
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Munich; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：How far is the world away from ensuring that every child obtains the basic skills needed to be competitive in a modern economy? And what would accomplishing this mean for world development? We provide new approaches for estimating the lack of basic skills that allow mapping achievement across countries of the world onto a common (PISA) scale. We then estimate the share of children not achieving basic skills for 159 countries that cover 98% of world population and 99% of world GDP. We find that...
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作者：Hernandez-Agramonte, Juan Manuel; Namen, Olga; Naslund-Hadley, Emma; Biehl, Maria Loreto
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank
摘要：Using a randomized field experiment in Costa Rica, we estimate the effect of providing parents of preschool students with regular text messages offering ways to engage their children in educational activities at home. After 15 weeks of intervention, the cognitive skills of children whose families were assigned to the program were 0.11-0.12 standard deviations higher than the control group. We find suggestive evidence that the effect was driven by an increase in parents' involvement as they con...
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作者：Grimm, Michael; Soubeiga, Sidiki; Weber, Michael
作者单位：University of Passau; Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; The World Bank; The World Bank
摘要：We used a randomized controlled trial to compare matching grants earmarked for technical training and consulting services with more flexible cash grants and with a control group. The experiment was implemented in a semi-urban and rural fragile setting where subsidizing innovative activities might be particularly important. Firms were selected on the basis of a business plan competition. After two years, beneficiaries of cash grants showed higher survival rates, improved business practices, a h...
