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作者：Deb, Saubhik; Joseph, George; Andres, Luis Alberto; Zabludovsky, Jonathan Grabinsky
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：This paper reports the findings of a cluster -randomized control study to assess the impact of India ' s flagship sanitation program, as implemented in Punjab, that aimed to eliminate the practice of open defecation and improve the awareness and practice of good hygiene across rural Punjab. The study finds that the program interventions specific to the Gram Panchayats (villages) had a modest effect on improving access to toilets and reducing open defecation among households with children in ru...
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作者：Choi, Syngjoo; Hahn, Kyu Sup; Kim, Byung-Yeon; Lee, Eungik; Lee, Jungmin; Lee, Sokbae
作者单位：New York University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：This paper investigates whether experiences of living in a communist regime relate to low market earnings. We recruit North Korean refugees and measure their implicit bias against South Korea by using the Implicit Association Test. Conducting double auction and bilateral bargaining market experiments, we find that North Korean refugees with a larger bias against South Korea have lower expectations about their earning potential, exhibit trading behavior with lower target profits, and earn less ...
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作者：Li, Hongbin; Meng, Lingsheng; Mu, Kai; Wang, Shaoda
作者单位：Stanford University; University of Hong Kong; University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper studies the unintended effect of English language requirement on educational inequality by investigating how the staggered rollout of English listening tests in China's high -stakes National College Entrance Exam (NCEE) affected the rural-urban gap in college access. Leveraging administrative data covering the universe of NCEE participants between 1999 and 2003, we find that the introduction of English listening tests significantly lowered rural students' exam score percentile ranks...
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作者：Sviatschi, Maria Micaela; Trako, Iva
作者单位：Princeton University; The World Bank
摘要：In many developing countries, access to justice remains unequal, especially for women. What are the implications of this inequality for gender-based violence and investments in children? This paper provides evidence from Peru's women's justice centers (WJCs), which are specialized institutions that provide police, medical and legal services to reduce gender-based violence. Examining the gradual rollout of WJCs across districts and villages, we find that the opening of a center reduces the inci...
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作者：Davies, Elwyn; Deffebach, Peter; Iacovone, Leonardo; Mckenzie, David
作者单位：The World Bank; Boston University; The World Bank
摘要：Standard in -person business training programs are costly and difficult to scale to the millions of microenterprises in the developing world. We conduct an experiment to test the feasibility, cost -savings, and impact of delivering live training sessions over Zoom to microentrepreneurs in Mexico and Guatemala. We demonstrate that it is now feasible to both recruit and train self-employed women online, covering a wide geographic area, with few technology issues. However, the cost -savings over ...
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作者：Zanoni, Wladimir; Diaz, Lina
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank
摘要：The increasing number of Venezuelan migrants in Colombia, which now exceeds 2.9 million, has raised concerns about their potential discrimination and socioeconomic integration. We propose a novel approach to studying discrimination in the housing rental market by conducting a multi-purpose field experiment with 574 real estate agents to, not only measure the extent of discrimination but also to explore its determinants. After gathering comprehensive data about the Real Estate Agents (REAs), th...
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作者：Siddique, Abu
作者单位：University of London; King's College London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：I investigate how long-term exposure to religious schooling affects economic behavior of children. To identify the effect of religious schooling, I study residential schools for orphans in Bangladesh that differ in terms of religious curriculum and social environment, limit transmission of beliefs and preferences from parents to children following being orphaned, make social learning by children limited after school enrollment, and mitigate issues concerning endogenous school choice by parents...
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作者：Bohr, Nils; Deisemann, Tim; Gollin, Douglas; Kosmowski, Frederic; Lybbert, Travis J.
作者单位：European Bank of Reconstructon & Development; Tufts University; University of Oxford; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：Optimal input allocation in agriculture leverages production complementarities. For example, improved seeds are generally more responsive to fertilizer than traditional seeds. Thus, inaccurate beliefs about whether seeds are improved may result in sub-optimal fertilizer application. We document precisely this pattern using data from Ethiopia that allows us to compare farmer beliefs about their maize seeds with genotyping data that identify the true genetics of these seeds. We find that 15 perc...
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作者：Jakiela, Pamela; Ozier, Owen; Fernald, Lia C. H.; Knauer, Heather A.
作者单位：Williams College; National Center Atmospheric Research (NCAR) - USA; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We provide evidence on the link between enrollment in public preschool and child vocabulary, a critical precursor to early literacy. We measure early childhood development among both in-school and out-ofschool children in Kenya, allowing us to examine the association between preschool enrollment and cognitive outcomes. Children in our sample are more likely to start school at age three rather than age four if they live within a few hundred meters of the nearest primary school. Three-year-olds ...
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作者：Castro, Silvia; Mang, Clarissa
作者单位：University of Munich
摘要：Stigma can hinder the adoption of beneficial and affordable technologies, particularly in sensitive health areas. Menstruation is a heavily stigmatized biological process, and managing menstruation with dignity and hygiene is a challenge in low-income settings. In this study, we conducted a randomized control trial to explore the impact of discussion -based interventions on breaking the silence around menstruation and shifting practices related to menstrual products. Our findings demonstrate a...
