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作者：Augsburg, Britta; Foster, Andrew; Johnson, Terence; Lipscomb, Molly
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Brown University; University of Virginia
摘要：Sanitation is a public good, the responsibility for which is shared between households and the government. Interventions in the sector, therefore, must be designed with an eye toward reducing crowd out. We discuss the new findings on sanitation provision from the 12 papers in this special issue in the context of a simple model of household choice of levels of sanitation investment in the face of joint responsibility between the government and households over sanitation. The model provides micr...
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作者：Han, Yi; Wu, Mingqin
作者单位：Renmin University of China; Wuhan University
摘要：This paper examines the impact of a policy reform in China that removed inter -regional market barriers by incorporating counties into larger prefecture-level divisions. Employing a difference-in-differences approach, we compare the economic performance of incorporated counties before and after the reform to two control groups: counties that applied for incorporation but were unsuccessful, and counties that were incorporated at a later time. Our findings suggest that the reform had an immediat...
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作者：Geng, Hao; Shi, Ce Matthew
作者单位：Chinese University of Hong Kong; Chinese University of Hong Kong
摘要：This paper investigates the effect of policy-induced market incentives on pharmaceutical innovation in the context of developing countries, where substantial health challenges persist but research and development (R&D) efforts remain limited. We exploit the quasi-experimental setting of a major reform in China's public vaccine system, which involved expanding vaccine coverage while imposing price controls on affected products. Using newly collected data on vaccine clinical trials and revenues,...
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作者：Fontagne, Lionel; Limardi, Michela
作者单位：European Central Bank; Bank of France; Paris School of Economics; Universite de Lille; heSam Universite; Universite Pantheon-Sorbonne; Universite Paris Cite
摘要：Can NGOs contribute to the implementation of Labor Laws in a developing country? We exploit as a quasinatural experiment the renegotiation of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) between the US and Indonesia in 1994, which induced the Indonesian government to raise the level of the legal minimum wage. Using data from Indonesian manufacturing firms, a diff-in-diff analysis and an event study show that the activism of workers' rights groups helped increase firm-level average wages up to t...
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作者：Baird, Sarah; Mcintosh, Craig; Ozler, Berk; Pape, Utz
作者单位：George Washington University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; The World Bank
摘要：We use a set of randomized experiments to examine the impact of a group business development program implemented by the Tanzanian government, along with a set of complementary training and cash transfer interventions targeted to vulnerable households in rural areas. In contrast with much of the recent literature, we find little effect of the business development program. While most enterprises remain operative three years after formation, even our highest estimates of effective wage rates sugg...
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作者：Lebow, Jeremy
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：Between 2015-2019, approximately 1.8 million Venezuelans fled an economic and political crisis into neighboring Colombia. Despite being well-educated on average, these migrants disproportionately entered occupations that typically employ less-educated Colombians. I use a model of labor demand with imperfect substitutability between migrants and natives to study the effect of migrant occupational downgrading on native wages and inequality. Counterfactual scenarios reveal that migrant downgradin...
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作者：Novella, Rafael; Rosas-Shady, David; Freund, Richard
作者单位：University of London; University College London; Inter-American Development Bank; University of Cape Town
摘要：Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are frequently viewed as a tool for democratizing education and job training. However, their effectiveness is largely untested. We report on the first randomized evaluation of a job training program offering cost-free access to curated, short Coursera MOOCs and certificates. We find low course completion rates (10%), with males and wealthier individuals more likely to complete a course. Personalized reminders did not increase treatment take-up over a simple,...
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作者：Kassem, Dana
作者单位：University of Mannheim
摘要：I ask whether electrification causes industrial development. I combine newly digitized data from the Indonesian state electricity company with rich manufacturing census data. To understand how electrification can cause industrial development, I shed light on an important economic mechanism - firm turnover. In particular, I study the effect of the extensive margin of electrification (grid expansion) on the extensive margin of industrial development (firm entry and exit). To deal with endogenous...
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作者：Aldunate, Felipe; Gonzalez, Felipe; Prem, Mounu
作者单位：Universidad de los Andes - Chile; University of London; Queen Mary University London; Universidad del Rosario
摘要：Governments in hegemonic states use economic sanctions to induce changes in other countries. What happens to international business networks when these sanctions are in place? We use new historical firm-level data to document the destruction of financial relations between U.S. banks and Chilean firms after socialist Salvador Allende took office in 1970. Business reports and stock prices suggest that firms were mostly unaffected by having fewer links with U.S. banks. Substitution of financial r...
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作者：Katovich, Erik S.
作者单位：University of Geneva
摘要：Natural resource discoveries are often followed by delays and uncertain production outcomes, creating challenges for governments that anticipate resource revenues. I leverage exogenous subnational variation in offshore oil discoveries in Brazil to identify dynamic effects of discovery news and revenue shocks on local public finances, public goods provision, and politics. Municipalities where discoveries are realized enjoy significant growth in revenues and spending, but fail to improve public ...
