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作者：Goldberg, PK; Knetter, MM
作者单位：Dartmouth College; Dartmouth College; Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper develops an approach to measuring the intensity of competition in international markets using readily available data on destination-specific values and quantities of exports at the seven-digit industry level. The intensity of competition a group of exporters faces in a particular export market is measured by the residual demand elasticity the group faces. This elasticity is identified by exchange rate shocks which rotate the supply relation of the source-country export group relativ...
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作者：Rogers, JH
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA
摘要：Many explanations of real exchange rate movements focus on monetary shocks, but it is often found empirically that monetary shocks are unimportant. I provide contrary evidence. Using over 100 years of data, I estimate the contribution of various shocks to explaining variation in the real pound-dollar rate. Several VAR specifications provide a range for their contributions: from 19 to 60% for monetary shocks and 4 to 26% for fiscal and productivity shocks combined. I compare this to related wor...
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作者：Gao, T
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：This paper develops a two-country, two-sector monopolistic competition model to illustrate the development of vertical multinational production as a result of the tradeoff between agglomeration economies and factor-cost advantages. In the presence of demand and cost linkages, starting with manufacturing agglomeration, the model shows that in the process of economic integration or economic growth, the importance of factor-cost disadvantages ast the manufacturing center will outweigh the importa...
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作者：Levy, PI
作者单位：Yale University
摘要：This paper develops a theory of tariff protection that incorporates cooperative behavior and lobbying. Governments use import tariffs or subsidies to maximize a weighted sum of lobbying contributions and general welfare. Governments do not use export taxes or subsidies and thus balance the interests of export and import-competing lobbies in setting tariff levels. In a symmetric model, cooperation between governments is sustained by threats of punishment in future periods. Unless governments pl...
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作者：Falvey, R
作者单位：University of Nottingham
摘要：This paper examines the effects of trade liberalization on international disparities in factor real returns in a model with more factors than goods. Existing trade interventions are assumed to be restricting trade. We find that any bias for or against factor price convergence depends on the underlying source of comparative advantage. Where trade is based on differences in factor endowments, trade liberalization has a bias towards factor price convergence. Where trade is based on technology dif...
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作者：Bernhofen, DM
作者单位：Clark University
摘要：We conduct a theory-based empirical study of intraindustry trade in homogeneous products. We derive an oligopolistic model of intra-industry trade, which is an extension of the segmented market model of trade, initially proposed by [Brander, J. A., 1981, Intra-industry trade in identical commodities, Journal of International Economics 11, 1-14]. The empirical implementations of the model are investigated in the contest of the petrochemical industry. Our analysis employs a unique data set conta...
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作者：Gallaway, MP; Blonigen, BA; Flynn, JE
作者单位：University of Oregon
摘要：The antidumping (AD) and countervailing duty (CVD) laws in the United States have become the most pervasive form of import relief sought by domestic producers. This paper estimates the collective economic effect of the hundreds of active U.S. AD/CVD orders. Using a computable general equilibrium model, we estimate that the collective net economic welfare cost in 1993 of these orders to be $4 billion. This welfare estimate is sensitive to various modeling assumptions, which are explored in the ...
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作者：Parsley, DC
作者单位：Vanderbilt University
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作者：Kwark, NS
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station
摘要：This paper identifies sources of business fluctuations in a two-country open economy model with the structural VAR method, focusing on the relative importance of worldwide shocks and country-specific shocks. Unlike previous studies which define country-specific shocks as labor supply shocks, this study explicitly identifies three kinds of permanent shocks: worldwide shocks, domestic country-specific shocks, and foreign country-specific shocks with identifying restrictions derived from a theore...
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作者：Konuki, T
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
