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作者：Bougheas, S; Demetriades, PO; Morgenroth, ELW
作者单位：London South Bank University; Staffordshire University; Keele University
摘要：This paper examines the role of infrastructure in a bilateral trade model with transport costs. Transport costs are assumed to depend inversely on the level of infrastructure. The accumulation of infrastructure, however, is subject to a resource cost technology which includes both fixed and variable components. It is shown that, depending on geography and endowments, equilibria with or without infrastructure can be obtained. For pairs of countries for which investment in infrastructure is opti...
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作者：Kolev, DR; Prusa, TJ
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We examine the incentives for a government to levy an optimal tariff on a foreign monopolist with unknown costs. With complete information, the home government uses a discriminatory tariffs policy to extract rents. If the government is incompletely informed about costs, we show that under reasonable conditions the unique equilibrium involves pooling where the firm exports the same quantity regardless of its efficiency. We find that in general home welfare is higher under alternative policies s...
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作者：Rauch, JE
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：I propose a network/search view of international trade in differentiated products. I present evidence that supports the view that proximity and common language/colonial ties are more important for differentiated products than for products traded on organized exchanges in matching international buyers and sellers, and that search barriers to trade are higher for differentiated than for homogeneous products. I also discuss alternative explanations for the findings. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V....
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作者：Nair-Reichert, U; Pomery, J
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; Purdue University System; Purdue University
摘要：This paper investigates how union activity that captures R&D rents alters the strategic investment behavior of internationally competitive firms. The effect of union activity in the Spencer, B.J., Brander, J.A., 1983 [International R&D rivalry and industrial strategy, Review of Economic Studies 50, 707-722] framework is to reduce the firm's strategic investment in R&D and its export market share. The empirical investigation at the industry level indicates that union activity has a significant ...
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作者：Raff, H; Kim, YH
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Hankuk University Foreign Studies
摘要：This paper examines government intervention to help exporters overcome informational barriers to entry into foreign markets. Foreign consumers know the quality of a local good but not that of the imported substitute. An exporter who chooses high quality needs to signal this choice to foreign consumers via a high introductory price. Export policy affects both the signaling distortion and competition between exporter and incumbent. The signaling distortion may call for an export subsidy, competi...
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作者：Bartolini, L; Prati, A
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York; International Monetary Fund
摘要：We present a model of a soft exchange rate target zone and interpret it as a stylized description of the post-august 1993 ERM. Our central bank targets a moving average of the current and past exchange rates, rather than the exchange rate's current level, thus allowing the rate to move within wide margins in the short run, but within narrow margins in the long run. For realistic parameters, soft target zones are significantly less vulnerable to speculative attacks than hard target zones. These...
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作者：Feenstra, RC; Rauch, JE
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作者：Schmitz, H
作者单位：University of Sussex
摘要：This paper is concerned with the role of trust in export manufacturing. It asks how trust has developed in two industrial clusters which are located in developing countries and export most of their output to North America and Europe. The main conclusion is that trust was based initially on socio-cultural ties between clustered firms and later on conscious investments in inter-firm relationships. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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作者：Bernard, AB; Jensen, JB
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Yale University; Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：A growing body of empirical work has documented the superior performance characteristics of exporting plants and firms relative to non-exporters. Employment: shipments, wages, productivity and capital intensity are all higher at exporters at any given moment. This paper asks, whether good firms become exporters or whether exporting improves firm performance. The evidence is quite clear on one point: good firms become exporters, both growth rates and levels of success measures are higher ex-ant...
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作者：Copeland, BR; Taylor, MS
作者单位：University of British Columbia
摘要：We develop a simple two-sector dynamic model to show how pollution can provide a motive for trade by spatially separating incompatible industries. We assume that the production of Smokestack manufactures generates pollution, which lowers the productivity of an environmentally sensitive sector (Farming). Two identical, unregulated countries will gain from trade if the share of world income spent on Smokestack goods is high. In contrast, when the share of world income spent on the dirty good is ...
