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作者：MUSGRAVE, RA
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：This paper develops the proposition that the normative design of a good tax system depends on the ethical premise or social contract on which society is taken to operate. This thesis is applied to Lockean entitlement to earnings with its corollary of benefit taxation and to the utilitarian model with its counterpart of maximum welfare or least total sacrifice. Fairness rules including maximin are also noted. For each case the role of tax avoidance and resulting deadweight loss is examined and ...
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作者：FRASER, CD
摘要：This note provides an alternative, elementary proof of Bergstrom, Blume and Varian's well-known result on the uniqueness of Nash equilibrium in the private provision of a public good when all goods are normal.
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作者：GEORGAKOPOULOS, T
作者单位：University of York - UK; University of York - UK
摘要：This paper shows that trade deflection is not the administrative aspect of the restricted origin principle, as suggested in the literature, but an important analytical issue that bears on resource allocation. When deflection is taken into account, trade distortions are avoided only when either domestic or, at least, border tax adjustment rates are equal in the member countries and trade balances are in bilateral equilibrium. The control of deflection via rules of destination causes trade disto...
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作者：BRANDTS, J; DEBARTOLOME, CAM
作者单位：New York University; Autonomous University of Barcelona
摘要：Uncertainty in the size of the working population leads to uncertainty in wages and in the return to capital, and to the possible desirability of an insurance contract between unborn workers and future retirees. However Green (1977, 1988) finds that an insurance contract is unlikely to benefit both generations. We show that a worker has two potential sources of actuarial bias: Green's result is due to workers in his model being of different types and some workers having only one source of bias...
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作者：BROWN, E; LANKFORD, H
作者单位：State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Albany, SUNY
摘要：We develop a model that recognizes interdependence between individuals' charitable cash donations and volunteer labor. Using survey data, we estimate giving functions jointly, allowing a binding non-negativity constraint in one giving equation to affect the form of the other. The tax price of money giving is significant in all equations, with estimated elasticities of -1.7 for money giving, -2.1 for women's time, and -1.1 for men's time. The complementarity between volunteer labor and cash don...
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作者：BERGSTROM, TC; BLUME, L; VARIAN, H
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作者：SCHOLZ, JK
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：This paper describes and estimates an empirical model that directly tests the dividend clientele hypothesis using data on individual portfolios from the 1983 Survey of Consumer Finances. The results provide evidence that investors are sensitive to tax rates when choosing portfolio dividend yields, and thus support a number of indirect tests that use security price data to investigate the clientele hypothesis. However, the approach taken in this paper avoids the difficulty, inherent in the indi...
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作者：AGELL, J; LUNDBORG, P
摘要：We specify a two-sector general equilibrium model with fair wages and involuntary unemployment. In determining the fair wage, workers care not only about relative wages but also about the functional distribution of income, i.e. the wage-rental rate. With the general equilibrium cum fair wage model, we discuss the effects of tax policy and unemployment benefits on involuntary unemployment and resource allocation, and re-examine classical results on tax incidence. Among other things, we show tha...
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作者：FABELLA, RV
摘要：We show that the Pareto superiority of loan repayment in kind within a tied credit arrangement to a cash-for-cash scheme under uncertain output price depends crucially on the farmer loan demand elasticity and his risk aversion. For the risk-neutral trader, the cash-for-cash scheme is shown to be Pareto dominated by credit tying and the price premium he offers depends on farmer loan demand elasticity.
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作者：TRANDEL, GA
摘要：A use tax is similar to a sales tax, except that it is imposed on purchases made from out-of-state firms. Historically, the use tax has been widely evaded. This paper uses a spatial model to analyze the welfare effects of such evasion. The analysis shows that the ability of consumers to evade the use tax alters their behavior in a way that leads firms to charge lower prices. This reduces the welfare loss created by the sellers' market power, and implies that evasion can increase welfare, even ...
