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作者：MILESIFERRETTI, GM; SPOLAORE, E
作者单位：Universite Libre de Bruxelles
摘要：When parties with different preferences compete for election, strategic manipulation of state variables for electoral purposes can occur even with rational voters. This paper presents a model in which government resources can be used 'productively', for the benefit of everybody, or 'unproductively', for the benefit of the ruling party's constituency. A government more inclined to unproductive spending may choose to collect public resources inefficiently in order to reduce the importance of spe...
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作者：CHATTERJEE, S
摘要：The evolution of the personal distribution of wealth in a standard neoclassical growth model is studied. If the economy is growing toward the steady state and preferences are such that marginal utility from consumption is infinite (finite) at some (all) positive (non-negative) consumption level(s), then the average saving propensity of agents is positively (negatively) related to their wealth. If the economy is decaying toward the steady state, these relationships are reversed. If wealth and a...
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作者：DANA, JD; SPIER, KE
作者单位：Harvard University; Dartmouth College
摘要：This paper considers government mechanisms for auctioning production rights in which both the winners and the market structure, duopoly (dual-sourcing), monopoly (sole-sourcing), or government-owned production, are a function of the bids. In designing the optimal mechanism, the government considers the tradeoffs among consumer surplus, producer surplus, and revenue. Under incomplete information, duopoly is implemented less frequently, and government production more frequently, than under compl...
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作者：ISAAC, RM; WALKER, JM; WILLIAMS, AW
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; University of Arizona
摘要：New experimental evidence extending the investigation of free-riding behavior in public goods provision is presented. Procedures are developed to deal with the logistical problems inherent in experiments involving many subjects. Data from Voluntary Contribution Mechanism experiments are reported utilizing group sizes of 4, 10, 40 and 100. These experiments provide replicable results that contradict the widely held view that a group's ability to provide the optimal level of a pure public good i...
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作者：AGELL, J; DILLEN, M
摘要：Basic welfare economics tells us that many types of externalities can be remedied by proper use of corrective taxes and subsidies. This paper shows that this notion also extends to the macroeconomic externalities discussed in recent Keynesian literature on nominal price rigidities. The derived policy rules are kindred in spirit to standard Keynesian policy prescriptions: progressive taxes may serve a useful role in combating wasteful economic fluctuations. However, unlike older fix-price model...
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作者：IRELAND, NJ
摘要：In many societies, individuals care how others view them. In their efforts to impress, such individuals engage in consumption signals which attempt to establish higher levels of status than their true status type. This leads to an inefficiency which offers the possibility of a Pareto-improving tax policy. The impacts of tax policy and benefits on the signalling equilibrium are considered.
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作者：WOO, CK
作者单位：City University of Hong Kong
摘要：Supply shortage is a common problem faced by a consumer. Solutions for allocating the limited supply include rationing, queuing, interruption and pricing. While previous research has examined the welfare losses generated by each solution, there is little evidence on their relative magnitudes within a common framework. The objective of this paper is to specify a model of consumer behaviour under service interruption to estimate the exact welfare loss of service interruption. The same model is u...
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作者：SCOTT, F; GAREN, J
摘要：When consumers' indifference curves are discontinuous at zero, perhaps due to stigma or fixed costs of purchase, then factors influencing the amount purchased will have a different effect on the probability of purchase. Estimation of the demand for a commodity like lottery tickets requires a procedure that accounts for this. Tobit estimation, commonly used in this literature, does not allow for this generalization. We investigate individual lottery ticket purchases using data from a survey of ...
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作者：SKEATH, SE; TRANDEL, GA
作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
摘要：A literature that began with Wicksell (1896) has shown that an ad valorem tax is welfare superior to an equal-yield unit tax in both monopoly and oligopoly markets. This paper proves a stronger result: for any unit tax imposed on a monopoly, there exists an ad valorem tax that Pareto dominates it - that produces larger profit, tax revenue, and consumer surplus. The paper then considers whether this Pareto result generalizes to all Cournot-Nash oligopolies. The paper shows that Pareto dominance...
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作者：CARD, D; LEVINE, PB
作者单位：Wellesley College
摘要：We combine Current Population Survey micro data for 1979-1987 with a newly assembled database of tax rates for the U.S. unemployment insurance system to measure the effects of imperfect experience-rating on the incidence of unemployment. We find a strong negative association between the degree of experience-rating and the rate of temporary layoff unemployment, with the largest effect in recessionary years and the smallest effect in expansionary years. Increases in the degree of experience-rati...
