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作者：SMITH, VH; KEHOE, MR; CREMER, ME
作者单位：University of Washington
摘要：A unique data set on exact giving by individual households for the support of a rural hearth care facility is used to examine the determinants of charitable giving, including the role of altruism. We examine whether a household's decision to give or not give and the amount it gives are influenced in the same or different ways by the household's characteristics and economic circumstances. We also examine whether a household's 'altruistic history' affects its current giving decisions.
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作者：ANANT, TCA; BASU, K; MUKHERJI, B
作者单位：Delhi School of Economics; University of Delhi
摘要：A formal model of firm-government interaction is developed in which the firm chooses the producer price and the government chooses the ad valorem tax rate to maximise revenue collection. This game is then embedded as the second stage of a two-stage game where, in stage 1, the firm gets to choose its technology and therefore its cost function. The main results of the paper are (i) to characterise the Nash and Stackelberg equilibria of the government-firm game (ii) to demonstrate that 'strategic...
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作者：VANDERPLOEG, F
作者单位：Tinbergen Institute
摘要：If an accelerationist Phillips curve derived from the behaviour of wage and price setters is combined with an aggregate demand curve, perpetual battles about the distribution of income and never-ending cycles in inflation and unemployment emerge as a result of demand or supply shocks. An optimal counter-cyclical rule for monetary growth stabilises these conflict cycles, but violates principles of sound public finance. This paper derives policy rules that ensure solvency of the public sector. A...
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作者：BESLEY, T; JEWITT, I
作者单位：University of Bristol
摘要：Diamond and Mirrlees (American Economic Review, 1971, 61, 8-27 and 261-278) showed that the first-order conditions for the Ramsey tax problem do not necessarily characterize tax optima. Researchers have since become cautious in using the first-order conditions. This paper establishes the validity of a version of the first-order conditions, using them to determine when uniform taxation is optimal. We show Deaton's (Review of Economic Studies, 1979, 46, 391-405) conditions to be sufficient, but ...
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作者：CIGNO, A
摘要：The analysis in Nishimura and Zhang (Journal of Public Economics, 1992, 48, 239-258) (N-Z) relies on an unstated assumption that, either individuals are able to coordinate their fertility decisions, or individual pensions are conditional on individual fertility. The present note criticizes this assumption, and shows what happens if it is dropped. Introducing a social security system with a rate of tax equal to the socially optimal transfer from the young to the old will have no effect on ferti...
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作者：GROSS, J
摘要：Revealed preference techniques are used to investigate the degree of heterogeneity of local public good preferences by testing the hypothesis that demographic characteristics are correlated with preferences for expenditure on public education. The test relies on a goodness-of-fit index which is on an estimation of wasted consumer expenditure. We use bootstrap techniques to estimate the distribution of the test statistic. Preference heterogeneity is found to be common, however Democrat-Protesta...
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作者：COX, D; JAKUBSON, G
作者单位：Cornell University; United States Department of Labor
摘要：This paper investigates the anti-poverty effectiveness of public transfers taking private-transfer responses into account. Widespread, altruistically motivated private transfers would neutralize the distributional impact of public transfers. But exchange-motivated transfers can reinforce the effects of public transfers on the distribution of economic well-being. The common technique for gauging anti-poverty effectiveness (subtracting public transfers from other income and measuring the poverty...
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作者：DEBARTOLOME, CAM
摘要：I investigate by experiment the tax rate used by individuals when making marginal economic decisions. I find that there are at least as many individuals who use the average tax rate 'as if' it is the marginal tax rate, as individuals who use the true marginal tax rate. The cause of the widespread use of the average tax rate is shown to be the presentation of the tax table: almost all individuals use the true marginal tax rate if the tax table is redesigned to stress the marginal rate. However,...
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作者：FRASER, CD
摘要：Bayesian workers produce 'chemicals' hazardously in one sector of a two-sector economy having one safe sector. Adopting an expected ex post welfare perspective, we show workers' misperceptions of hazards entail a classic externality. We characterise chemicals' competitive, monopoly and socially efficient outputs, assuming workers receive identical wage-accident compensation contracts under each, the value of information which induces workers to place greater stress on firms' safety records or ...
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作者：MCGUIRE, TG; RIORDAN, MH
摘要：Market structure is endogenized in a normative model of public procurement featuring a social cost of profit, product variety, economies of scale, and incomplete information about cost. Depending on parameters, either sole sourcing or dual sourcing might be optimal. However, if the social cost of profit is positive but not too large, incomplete information biases optimal market structure in favor of sole sourcing. On the other hand, this bias in favor of sole sourcing may be reversed if the so...
