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作者：Raff, H; Srinivasan, K
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; International Monetary Fund
摘要：This paper constructs a game-theoretic model to study host country policy to attract import-substituting foreign direct investment (FDI). Investors are assumed to be incompletely informed about local investment conditions, and taxes and tariffs are determined endogenously. We show that in certain situations countries will offer tax incentives while in others they will impose a tariff wall to induce FDI. Tax incentives are motivated by the need to signal favorable investment conditions. The pap...
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作者：Saint-Paul, G
作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University
摘要：We develop a general equilibrium analysis of the impact of active labor market policy on unemployment, wages and the welfare of the employed. This framework is used to assess the political support in favour of such policies and to relate it to the working of Such policies and other parameters characterizing the economic environment. The main finding is that if the employed have little exposure to unemployment and if the demand for unskilled labour is inelastic, then there may be political supp...
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作者：Kolm, AS
作者单位：Uppsala University
摘要：This paper investigates the impact of payroll taxes on unemployment and welfare in a two-sector economy characterised by imperfect competition in product and labour markets. The two sectors differ in market competitiveness. It turns out that only the relative tax pressure affects unemployment and welfare. Unemployment can be reduced by having the less competitive sector pay higher taxes. Moreover, differentiated payroll taxes will, in general, improve efficiency. Which sector to tax relatively...
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作者：Lahiri, S; Raimondos-Moller, P
作者单位：Copenhagen Business School; University of Essex
摘要：The paper considers the welfare effect of the harmonisation of indirect taxes in two open economies. The revenue from taxation is used for the production of a non-tradeable public good. The welfare levels are affected via two channels: (i) changes in the levels of public goad provision, and (ii) changes in deadweight loss associated with the taxes. We develop a number of rules of harmonisation and derive conditions under which they lead to potential Pareto improvement. (C) 1998 Elsevier Scienc...
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作者：Samwick, AA
作者单位：Dartmouth College
摘要：Using a unique dataset that links the economic and demographic information of households with the details of their pension formulas, I estimate the combined effect of Social Security and pension benefits on the probability of retirement in a cross-section of the population near retirement age. The accrual rate of retirement wealth is shown to be a significant determinant of the probability of retirement. Simulations of extensions in pension coverage comparable to those that occurred in the ear...
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作者：King, MA; Leape, JI
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Bank of England
摘要：We examine a survey of 6010 U.S. households and estimate a model for household portfolio allocation. We extend the conventional portfolio choice model in order to capture the observed incompleteness of household portfolios. We show that the empirical specification of the joint discrete and continuous choice that characterizes household portfolio behavior is a switching regressions model with endogenous switching. We go on to examine the impact of taxes on portfolio composition, using detailed ...
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作者：Zhang, T; Zou, HF
作者单位：The World Bank; Wuhan University
摘要：This study of China demonstrates how the allocation of fiscal resources between the central and local governments has affected economic growth since reforms began in the late 1970s. We find that a higher degree of fiscal decentralization of government spending is associated with lower provincial economic growth over the past fifteen years. This consistently significant and robust result in our empirical examinations is surprising in light of the argument that fiscal decentralization usually ma...
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作者：Aronsson, T
作者单位：Umea University
摘要：This paper concerns welfare measurement in the presence of distortionary taxes. One purpose is to explain why the traditional green NNP measure fails as a welfare indicator when distortionary taxes are present. Another is to derive a green NNP analogue in a second best environment. In the second best optimum, the efficiency cost off taxation will affect both the form of the national welfare measure and the proper principles of accounting for pollution. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights...
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作者：Peck, RM
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital
摘要：Aggregate excess burden arising when a poll tax or uniform lump sum tax is replaced by an excise tax is examined. If preferences are identical and homothetic, then the aggregate excise burden is always non-negative and independent of the distribution of income. An example with non-homothetic preferences is given, however, where the aggregate excess burden is negative. The implications for policy and positive public finance are briefly discussed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A.
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作者：Helsley, RW; Strange, WC
作者单位：University of British Columbia
摘要：Private governments are voluntary, exclusive organizations that supplement services provided by the public sector. This paper examines resource allocation with and without a private government. We show that the existence of a private government causes the public sector to reduce provision of a collective good. We also show that the private government may be inefficiently small, The welfare effects of private government are complex. Although some agents are made worse off, aggregate nonmember w...
