-
作者：Zhang, JS; Zhang, J; Lee, R
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario); Chinese University of Hong Kong; Victoria University Wellington; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：This paper examines the impacts of mortality decline on long-run growth in a dynastic family, two-sector growth model with social security. A rise in longevity has direct effects on fertility, human capital investment, and growth, as well as indirect effects through increasing unfunded social security contributions. Both the direct and indirect effects depend on the relative strength of the tastes for the number and welfare of children and may have different signs. The net effects of rising lo...
-
作者：Konrad, KA
作者单位：Free University of Berlin
摘要：Incomplete information is a commitment device for time-consistency problems. In the context of time-consistent optimal labor income taxation privacy can lead to a Pareto superior outcome and increases the effectiveness of public education as a second best policy. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
-
作者：Loeb, S
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：This paper models the effect of increased state involvement in school funding on education spending levels. Unlike previous studies that have assumed perfect sorting of voters into districts by income, this analysis assumes demand sorting. I, thus, am able to utilize the true distribution of wealth across districts to estimate tax price changes and to predict changes in district spending levels in response to a change in financing rules. I look specifically at three types of state funding prog...
-
作者：Santore, R; Robison, HD; Klein, Y
作者单位：University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; La Salle University; City University of New York (CUNY) System; Brooklyn College (CUNY); New York University
摘要：This paper examines the strategic behavior of state-level utility regulators in the context of the federal tradable emissions permits market when state-to-state pollution spillovers are asymmetric. Strategic behavior is possible because a state's environmental policy indirectly affects the price of permits and, therefore, abatement in other states. We show that the optimal pollution penalty is comprised of two parts: (i) a Pigouvian tax, adjusted for state-to-state spillovers; and (ii) an opti...
-
作者：Gordon, RH; Lee, Y
作者单位：Korea Development Institute (KDI); University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：This paper uses U.S. Statistics of Income (SOI) Corporate Income Tax Returns balance sheet data on all corporations, to estimate the effects of changes in corporate tax rates on the debt policies of firms of different sizes. Small firms face very different tax rates than larger firms, and relative tax rates have also changed frequently over time, providing substantial information to identify tax effects. The results suggest that taxes have had a strong and statistically significant effect on d...
-
作者：Currie, J; Gruber, J
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We investigate the impact of expanding public health insurance on the medical treatment received by women at childbirth, using Vital Statistics data on every birth in the US over the 1987-1992 period. The effects of insurance status on treatment are identified using the tremendous variation in eligibility for public insurance coverage under the Medicaid program over this period. Among low education mothers who were largely uninsured before being made eligible for Medicaid, eligibility for this...
-
作者：Broadbent, B; Kremer, M
作者单位：Harvard University; Columbia University
摘要：It is often argued that low tax rates on owner-occupied housing divert investment from non-housing capital, like equipment and R&D. This paper demonstrates that if people are heterogeneous in their propensity to save, and if there are constraints on borrowing, favorable tax treatment of owner-occupied housing up to a certain value can increase non-housing investment. This is because low housing taxes encourage renters to become owner-occupiers, leading existing owner-occupiers to shift their p...
-
作者：Ireland, NJ
作者单位：University of Warwick
摘要：The existence of distortions from individuals competing to attain social status by using consumption signals justifies some measure of income tax as a counter-acting distortion. The question posed here is whether it also constitutes a reason for a more progressive income tax schedule. The answer is found to be broadly negative if progressiveness is interpreted as a more convex tax schedule, unless the rich are more concerned with status-seeking than the poor. On the other hand, status-seeking ...
-
作者：Salas, R
作者单位：Complutense University of Madrid
-
作者：Jack, W
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：The paper examines the nature of health insurance contracts when insurance companies pool high- and low-risk individuals. In a spatial product differentiation model, the normal forces of competition induce quality provision, but selection incentives induce insurers to under-provide quality. To offset selection incentives, the government can reimburse some of the insurers' costs. However, such a subsidy can in some cases reduce quality further, as well as discourage production efficiency. In su...
