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作者：Auten, G; Joulfaian, D
作者单位：United States Department of the Treasury
摘要：Contrary to popular view, capital gains do not escape taxation at death as they are subject to the estate tax. The presence of the step-up in basis increases the lock-in effect of capital gains taxes as individuals are induced to hold assets until death. This effect, however, is mitigated by the estate tax which applies to assets passed to heirs. Using a sample of matched income and estate tax records in a period that straddles significant changes in capital gains and estate tax rates, the est...
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作者：Manning, A
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Classical labour supply theory is one of the most sophisticated parts of labour economics. Yet, there is no compelling theoretical reason to believe in an outcome on a classical labour supply curve and it is unclear whether it is a good empirical description of the way in which labour markets actually work. This paper uses the techniques of search theory to analyse the impact of changes in the tax system on incentives to work when individuals do not have flexibility of hours within jobs. It is...
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作者：Fullerton, D; Metcalf, GE
作者单位：Tufts University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：One might suppose that an emissions tax has an advantage over command and control (CAC) regulations since it raises revenue that can be used to cut other distorting taxes. In this paper, we show that the focus on revenue raising is misplaced. In a simple analytical general equilibrium model, we show that the same welfare effects of environmental protection can be achieved, by taxes that raise revenue, certain command and control regulations that raise no revenue, and oven subsidies that cost r...
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作者：McGarry, K
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：For altruistic parents desiring to bequeath their wealth to their children, estate taxes can be costly in utility terms. The most straightforward way to reduce the tax burden is through inter vivos transfers. Taking full advantage of potential tax-free giving often requires that parents differentiate between children in the amounts transferred. This unequal giving contrasts sharply with the presumed desire to make equal bequests. This paper examines the extent to which wealthy parents take adv...
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作者：Huizinga, H; Nielsen, SB
作者单位：Tilburg University
摘要：This paper investigates the optimal line of demarcation between the public and private production sectors, as affected by the government's privatization decision. Only the private sector is subject to taxation in the form of investment taxes. In deciding on privatization, the government trades off the tax distortion affecting private production against the relative production inefficiency of public production. At the optimum, the public sector is 'too large' in the sense that the government ca...
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作者：Wane, W
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：Poverty is considered as an aggregate negative externality that may affect people differently depending on their aversion to poverty. If society is on average averse to poverty, then the optimal income tax schedule displays negative marginal tax rates at least for the less skilled individuals. Negative marginal tax rates play the role of a Pigouvian earnings subsidy and foster the supply of labor of poor individuals. The no-distortion at the endpoints result which is therefore violated can be ...
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作者：Schultz, C; Sjöström, T
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; University of Copenhagen; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：Migration raises a potential free rider problem for the provision of durable local public goods if the latecomers can enjoy the public good without paying for it. Allowing communities to finance public goods by debt mitigates this problem, since future immigrants have to share the burden of the debt. However, in equilibrium then will be over-accumulation of local debt. There may be more or less public good than at first best, but conditional on the inefficiently high level of debt there will h...
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作者：Poterba, J
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：This paper describes the current estate and gift tax rules that apply to intergenerational transfers in the US. It summarizes the incentives for inter vivos giving, gifts from a donor to a recipient while the donor is alive, as a strategy for reducing estate tax liability. It shows that the current level of intergenerational transfers is much lower than the level that would be implied by simple models of dynastic utility maximization. Moreover, even among elderly households with net worth in e...
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作者：Mitsui, K; Sato, M
作者单位：Hitotsubashi University
摘要：This paper examines regional population distribution when there is an interregional transfer policy without commitment. We introduce explicitly the following time structure of actions. Individuals assumed to be identical make decisions on locational choices freely ex ante, but are immobile ex post. The fiscal policies of the local governments and the central government are implemented after individuals' migration decisions. The basic result is that locally stable no-conunitment equilibria are ...
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作者：Wolfe, B; Wilson, K; Haveman, R
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University System of Ohio; Kent State University; Kent State University Salem; Kent State University Kent; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：In this paper, we explore whether behaviors of youths that are likely to result in a teen nonmarital birth event are influenced by their expectations of the net economic benefits or costs associated with the occurrence of such a birth. We posit and find that an increase in the perceived costs associated with the occurrence of a nonmarital birth would lead to a reduction in these risky behaviors, and to a lower probability of a nonmarital birth event. We represent these economic incentives by t...
