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作者：Rocheteau, G
作者单位：Australian National University
摘要：This paper analyzes the consequences of a working time reduction within an integrated shirking-matching model. Under laissez faire, workers and employers bargain over wages and working hours. When unemployment is high, the no-shirking condition is binding and the number of working hours is lower than the level that would be negotiated in the absence of unobservable shirking, In this case, a work-sharing policy increases aggregate employment. At the opposite, for low unemployment countries. the...
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作者：Stern, N
作者单位：The World Bank
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作者：Haughwout, AF
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York
摘要：Measures of the value of public investments are critical inputs into the policy process, and aggregate production and cost functions have become the dominant methods of evaluating these benefits. This paper examines the limitations of these approaches in light of applied production and spatial equilibrium theories. A spatial equilibrium model of an economy with nontraded, localized public goods like infrastructure is proposed, and a method for identifying the role of public capital in firm pro...
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作者：Claessens, S; Djankov, S
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：We document changes in the performance of over 6000 privatized and state-owned manufacturing enterprises in seven Eastern European countries over the initial transition period. We find that privatization is associated with significant increases in sales revenues and labor productivity, and, to a lesser extent, with fewer job losses. The positive effect of privatization is stronger in economic magnitude and statistical significance as the time elapsed since privatization increases. Enterprises ...
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作者：Baland, JM; Robinson, JA
作者单位：University of Namur; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We study the implications of the trade-off between child quality and child quantity for the efficiency of the rate of population growth. We show that if quantity and quality are inversely related then, even in the case of full altruism within the family, Population growth is inefficiently high. if the family does not have, or does not choose to use, compensating instruments (for example, bequests or savings are at a corner). In non-altruistic models this trade-off certainly generates a Populat...
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作者：Liski, M
作者单位：Aalto University
摘要：The paper shows that the optimal regulation of stock pollutants can require fluctuating emissions even in the absence of uncertainty. The optimum cannot be implemented by the usual Pigouvian flow tax since it leads to a shutdown problem. A remedy for the problem is to use a linear tax given by a mechanism that effectively taxes average emissions over time. An alternative is to use tax schedules depending on cumulative emissions over a short period of time. A calibration using cost estimates of...
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作者：Maurin, E
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris
摘要：This paper applies new semi-parametric techniques to estimate the effects of parental income on the probability of being held back in elementary school in France. We use information on grandparents' past socioeconomic status and parents' education level to separate the parental income effects from the effects of the unmeasured determinants of children's performance at school that are correlated with parental income. When considering the probability of being held back in elementary school, we f...
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作者：Montero, JP
作者单位：Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：I study whether incomplete enforcement of a regulation has any impact on the choice between price (e.g., taxes) and quantity (e.g., tradeable quotas) instruments. Results indicate that a second-best design accounting for incomplete enforcement can be implemented equally well with either instrument as long as the benefit and cost curves are known with certainty. If these curves are uncertain to the regulator, however, the quantity instrument performs relatively better than the price instrument....
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作者：Pizer, WA
作者单位：Resources for the Future
摘要：Uncertainty about compliance costs causes otherwise equivalent price and quantity controls to behave differently and leads to divergent welfare consequences. Although most of the debate on global climate change policy has focused on quantity controls due to their political appeal, this paper argues that price controls are more efficient. Simulations based on a stochastic computable general equilibrium model indicate that the expected welfare gain from the optimal price policy is five times hig...
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作者：Coile, C; Diamond, P; Gruber, J; Jousten, A
作者单位：Wellesley College; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper focuses on Social Security benefit claiming behavior, a take-up decision that has been ignored in the previous literature. Using financial calculations and simulations based on an expected utility maximization model, we show that delaying benefit claim for a period of time after retirement is optimal in a wide variety of cases and that gains from delay may be significant. We find that approximately 10% of men retiring before their 62nd birthday delay claiming for at least 1 year aft...
