作者：Gordon, R; Poterba, J
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
作者：Alderman, H
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：Albania provides a small amount of social assistance to nearly 20% of its population through a system which allows a degree of community discretion in determining distribution. This study indicates that relative to other safety net programs in low-income countries, social assistance in Albania is fairly well targeted to the poor. Moreover, the poverty targeting exceeds that which could be expected on the basis of proxy indicators of targeting alone; communes appear to be using local informatio...
作者：Breyer, F; Kolmar, M
作者单位：University of Konstanz; University of Bonn
摘要：In this paper we analyze the effects of labor-market integration on national, unfunded public-pension systems that are organized according to a 'place of residence' principle. With this principle, labor might migrate for purely fiscal reasons. Thus, some kind of coordination becomes necessary. We first show that for the case of unrestricted labor mobility the equalization of contributions is necessary and sufficient for efficiency if the pension systems remain decentralized. However, national ...
