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作者：Chong, Alberto; Guillen, Jorge; Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank; George Washington University; Universite Catholique de Lille; EDHEC Business School
摘要：Using new data we analyze retrenchment programs before privatization, their effect on prices paid and rehiring policies pursued by the new private owners. We find evidence in support of skimming and adverse selection. We find that some labor retrenchment policies have a negative impact on net privatization prices, even after taking sample selection bias and endogeneity into account. Some downsizing policies may lead to a higher frequency of post-privatization re-hiring. Skill-biased retrenchme...
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作者：Staubli, Stefan
作者单位：University of Zurich; University of St Gallen
摘要：This paper studies the effect of a large-scale policy change in the Austrian disability insurance program, which tightened eligibility criteria for men above a certain age. Using administrative data on the universe of Austrian private-sector employees, the results of difference-in-difference regressions suggest a substantial and statistically significant decline in disability enrollment of 6 to 7.4 percentage points and an increase in employment of 1.6 to 3.4 percentage points. The policy chan...
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作者：Li, Sherry Xin; Eckel, Catherine C.; Grossman, Philip J.; Brown, Tara Larson
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas; Minnesota State Colleges & Universities; Saint Cloud State University; Monash University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Arlington
摘要：In the U.S., widespread complaints that taxes are too high exist alongside substantial voluntary donations to private charities whose missions parallel those of government agencies. We employ a real donation experiment to compare giving to government agencies and private charities with similar missions, for four different causes (Cancer Research, Disaster Relief, Education Enhancement, Parks and Wildlife) at three levels (national, state, and local). We find that individuals will give to gover...
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作者：Allcott, Hunt
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); New York University
摘要：This paper evaluates a series of programs run by a company called OPOWER to send Home Energy Report letters to residential utility customers comparing their electricity use to that of their neighbors. Using data from randomized natural field experiments at 600,000 treatment and control households across the United States, I estimate that the average program reduces energy consumption by 2.0%. The program provides additional evidence that non-price interventions can substantially and cost effec...
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作者：Bigio, Saki; Zilberman, Eduardo
作者单位：New York University
摘要：Most models of optimal income tax enforcement assume that income is either random or solely remunerates labor, neglecting that auditing strategies may depend on observable inputs. This paper outlines a model to optimally monitor self-employed entrepreneurs when, in addition to reported profits, the tax collection agency also observes the number of workers employed (or any other input variable) at each firm. We show that, by conditioning the monitoring strategy only on labor input, it is optima...
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作者：Slemrod, Joel
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作者：Gibbons, Stephen; Telhaj, Shqiponja
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Sussex
摘要：Pupil mobility between schools is something to be encouraged if it facilitates the efficient matching of pupils to provision, but discouraged if turnover imposes costs on other pupils through disruption in teaching and learning. With this in mind, we consider the externalities imposed by entrants on the achievements of incumbent pupils in English primary schools. We find that immobile pupils who experience high pupil entry rates in their yeargroups (a la US grades) progress less well academica...
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作者：Fehr, Ernst; Leibbrandt, Andreas
作者单位：University of Chicago; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; University of Zurich
摘要：This paper examines the role of cooperativeness and impatience in the exploitation of common pool resources (CPRs) by combining laboratory experiments with field data. We study fishermen whose main, and often only, source of income stems from the use of fishing grounds with open access. The exploitation of a CPR involves a negative interpersonal and inter-temporal externality because individuals who exploit the CPR reduce the current and the future yield both for others and for themselves. Eco...
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作者：Jacob, Brian A.; Lefgren, Lars
作者单位：Brigham Young University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：In this paper, we estimate the impact of receiving an NIH grant on subsequent publications and citations. Our sample consists of all applications (unsuccessful as well as successful) to the NIH from 1980 to 2000 for standard research grants (R01s). Both OLS and IV estimates show that receipt of an NIH research grant (worth roughly $1.7 million) leads to only one additional publication over the next five years, which corresponds to a 7% increase. The limited impact of NIH grants is consistent w...
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作者：Voget, Johannes
作者单位：University of Mannheim; University of Oxford; Tilburg University
摘要：About 6% of multinationals relocated their headquarters to another country in the 1997-2007 period. This paper presents empirical evidence on the role of taxes in these relocation decisions. It considers a sample of 140 multinationals that relocated their headquarters over the past decade and compares them to a control group of 1943 multinationals that did not relocate. It is found that the additional tax due in the home country upon repatriation of foreign profits has a positive effect on the...
