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作者：Brekke, Kjell Arne; Hauge, Karen Evelyn; Lind, Jo Thori; Nyborg, Karine
作者单位：University of Oslo; Institute of Transport Economics
摘要：Are some individuals generally more pro-social than others? If so, socially beneficial commitments could serve as a costly screening device helping the pro-social to match. We present a public good game experiment in which subjects choose between two group types: in blue groups, subjects receive a fixed extra payoff; in red groups, this extra payoff is donated, instead, to the Red Cross. A substantial share of our subjects chose red groups. Contributions in red groups were initially higher and...
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作者：Larcinese, Valentino; Puglisi, Riccardo; Snyder, James M., Jr.
作者单位：University of Pavia; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Harvard University; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We study the agenda-setting political behavior of a large sample of U.S. newspapers during the 1996-2005 period. Our purpose is to examine the intensity of coverage of economic issues as a function of the underlying economic conditions and the political affiliation of the incumbent president, focusing on unemployment, inflation, the federal budget and the trade deficit. We investigate whether there is any significant correlation between the endorsement policy of newspapers, and the differentia...
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作者：Ellingsen, Tore; Johannesson, Magnus
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics
摘要：We develop a simple model of generous behavior. It is based on the premise that some people are generous, but everyone wants to appear generous-especially in the eyes of other generous people. Although non-monetary donations are always inefficient, they frequently occur in equilibrium because they facilitate signaling. The model helps to explain the prevalence of volunteering, the nature of Christmas gifts, and the taboo against paying cash in return for friendly favors. Finally, and perhaps m...
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作者：Marion, Justin; Muehlegger, Erich
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; Harvard University
摘要：The incidence of taxes on consumers and producers plays a central role in evaluating energy tax policy, yet the literature testing the main predictions of the tax incidence model is sparse. In this paper, we examine the pass-through rate of state gasoline and diesel taxes to retail prices, and importantly we estimate the dependence of pass-through on factors constraining the gasoline and diesel supply chains. We consider several factors that alter the elasticity of supply, including within sta...
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作者：Bargain, Olivier; Doorley, Karina
作者单位：University College Dublin
摘要：Youth unemployment is particularly large in many industrialized countries and has dramatic consequences in both the short and long-term. While there is abundant evidence about the labor supply of married women and single mothers, little is known about how young (childless) singles react to financial incentives. The French minimum income (Revenu Minimum d'Insertion, RMI), often accused of generating strong disincentives to work, offers a natural setting to study this question since childless si...
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作者：Dharmapala, Dhammika; Slemrod, Joel; Wilson, John Douglas
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Michigan State University
摘要：We analyze the optimal taxation affirms when the government faces fixed (per-firm) administrative costs of tax collection. The tax instruments at the government's disposal are a fixed (per-firm) fee and a linear tax on output. If all firms in an industry are taxed, we show that it is optimal to impose a positive fee to internalize administrative costs. The output taxes satisfy the inverse elasticity rule for taxed industries, but industries with sufficiently high administrative costs should be...
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作者：Da Rin, Marco; Di Giacomo, Marina; Sembenelli, Alessandro
作者单位：Tilburg University; University of Turin
摘要：Can tax policy foster the creation of new companies? To answer this question, we assemble a novel country-industry level panel database with data on entry (by incorporation) for 17 European countries between 1997 and 2004. Our analysis is based on recent models of how corporate taxation affects firm's incorporation decision. We compute effective average tax rates and study how the taxation of corporate income affects entry rates at the country-industry level. Drawing on the political economy l...
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作者：Putterman, Louis; Tyran, Jean-Robert; Kamei, Kenju
作者单位：Brown University; University of Vienna; University of Copenhagen
摘要：The burgeoning literature on the use of sanctions to support the provision of public goods has largely neglected the use of formal or centralized sanctions. We let subjects playing a linear public goods game vote on the parameters of a formal sanction scheme capable of either resolving or exacerbating the free-rider problem, depending on parameter settings. Most groups quickly learned to choose parameters inducing efficient outcomes. We find that cooperative orientation, political attitude, ge...
