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作者：Reinikka, Ritva; Svensson, Jakob
作者单位：The World Bank; Stockholm University
摘要：In this paper we argue that innovations in governance of social services are an effective way to improve outcomes such as attainment of universal primary education. To test this hypothesis we exploit an unusual policy experiment: a newspaper campaign in Uganda aimed at reducing the capture of public funds by providing schools (parents) with systematic information to monitor local officials' handling of a large education grant program. Combining survey and administrative data, we show that publ...
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作者：Huber, John D.; Stanig, Piero
作者单位：Columbia University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We analyze how religion affects voting and redistribution. Our model directs attention away from the particular faith, belief or risk attitudes of religious individuals, and emphasizes instead how organized religion opens the door to standard group-based distributive politics. We argue that organized religion makes it possible for the rich and the religious poor to form electoral coalitions in favor of low taxes and limited redistribution. The losers are the secular poor. However, the material...
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作者：Brekke, Kurt R.; Holmas, Tor Helge; Rune Straume, Odd
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Universidade do Minho; University of Bergen
摘要：We study the impact of regulation on competition between brand-names and generics and pharmaceutical expenditures using a unique policy experiment in Norway, where reference pricing (RP) replaced price cap regulation in 2003 for a sub-sample of off-patent products. First, we construct a vertical differentiation model to analyze the impact of regulation on prices and market shares of brand-names and generics. Then, we exploit a detailed panel data set at product level covering several off-paten...
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作者：Dischinger, Matthias; Riedel, Nadine
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University Hohenheim
摘要：Intangible assets, like patents and trademarks, are increasingly seen as the key to competitive success and as the drivers of corporate profit. Moreover, they constitute a major source of profit shifting opportunities in multinational enterprises (MNEs) due to a highly intransparent transfer pricing process. This paper argues that, for both reasons, MNEs have an incentive to locate intangible property at affiliates with a relatively low corporate tax rate. Using panel data on European MNEs and...
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作者：Meer, Jonathan
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station
摘要：While the effects of peer pressure in charitable giving have been of considerable interest to social scientists, there is little empirical evidence on the magnitude of these effects. A correlation between giving or volunteering by one's peers and one's own giving can be driven by self-selection into groups, common shocks that inspire both the solicitor to ask and the individual to give, or social influence. Using data from a university, this paper analyzes whether alumni are more likely to giv...
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作者：Acemoglu, Daron; Golosov, Mikhail; Tsyvinski, Aleh
作者单位：Yale University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We study the dynamic taxation of capital and labor in the Ramsey model under the assumption that taxes and public good provision are decided by a self-interested politician who cannot commit to policies. We show that, as long as the politician is as patient as the citizens, the Chamley-Judd result of zero long-run taxes holds. In contrast, if the politician is less patient than the citizens, the best (subgame perfect) equilibrium from the viewpoint of the citizens involves long-run capital tax...
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作者：Ambrus, Attila; Pathak, Parag A.
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：This paper shows that the presence of different types of players - those who only care about their own material payoffs and those who reciprocate others' contributions - can explain the robust features of observed contribution patterns in public good contribution games, even without the presence of asymmetric information. We show what conditions on reciprocity are sufficient for a unique perfect equilibrium, in which contributions are decreasing. Under these conditions, selfish players have en...
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作者：Blanes i Vidal, Jordi; Leaver, Clare
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Oxford
摘要：Tenured public officials such as judges are often thought to be insulated from political pressure and, as a result, indifferent to the concerns of the electorate. We investigate this proposition empirically using data on promotion decisions taken by senior English judges between 1985 and 2005. Throughout this period the popular view was one of ill-disciplined elitism: senior judges were alleged to be favouring candidates from elite backgrounds over their equally capable non-elite counterparts....
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作者：Bommier, Antoine; Leroux, Marie-Louise; Lozachmeur, Jean-Marie
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Universite Catholique Louvain
摘要：This paper studies the problem of redistribution between individuals having different mortality rates. We use a continuous time model in which there are two types of individuals characterized by different survival probability paths. Individual preferences are represented by a generalized life-cycle utility function which can exhibit temporal risk aversion. We successively compare utilitarian allocations when individuals exhibit temporal risk neutrality and temporal risk aversion. This problem ...
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作者：Kumru, Cagri S.; Thanopoulos, Athanasios C.
作者单位：Australian National University; National & Kapodistrian University of Athens
摘要：This paper analyzes a fully funded social security system under the assumption that agents face temptation issues. Agents are required to save through individually managed Personal Security Accounts without, and with mandatory annuitization. When the analysis is restricted to CRRA preferences our results are congruent with the literature in indicating that the complete elimination of social security is among the reform scenarios that maximize welfare. However, when self control preferences are...
