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作者：Kotakorpi, Kaisa; Poutvaara, Panu
作者单位：Tampere University; University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：A growing theoretical literature on the effect of politicians' salaries on the average level of skills of political candidates yields ambiguous predictions. In this paper, we estimate the effect of pay for politicians on the level of education of parliamentary candidates. We take advantage of an exceptional reform where the salaries of Finnish MPs were increased by 35% in the year 2000, intended to make the pay for parliamentarians more competitive. A difference-in-differences analysis, using ...
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作者：Winston, Clifford; Yan, Jia
作者单位：Brookings Institution; Washington State University
摘要：We assess the welfare effects of highway privatization accounting for government's behavior in setting the sale price, firms' strategic behavior in setting tolls, and motorists' heterogeneous preferences for speedy and reliable travel. We find motorists are able to benefit from privatization by negotiating tolls with private providers that increase their consumer surplus. Surprisingly, we find that by obtaining tolls and service that align with their varying preferences, motorists may be bette...
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作者：Ham, John C.; Swenson, Charles; Imrohoroglu, Ayse; Song, Heonjae
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of Southern California
摘要：Federal and state governments spend well over a billion dollars a year on programs that encourage employment development in disadvantaged labor markets through the use of subsidies and tax credits. In this paper we use an estimation approach that is valid under relatively weak assumptions to measure the impact of State Enterprise Zones (ENTZs), Federal Empowerment Zones (EMPZs), and Federal Enterprise Community (ENTC) programs on local labor markets. We find that all three programs have positi...
